Unit 4 Review: Cellular Transport

Which of the following statements correctly describes a characteristic common to both osmosis and diffusion? Both osmosis and diffusion–

• 
  require energy to move substances.

• 
  only move substances from high to low concentration.

• require a membrane for substances to move across.

• 
  happen only in living cells and tissues.

The rate at which molecules, water, and oxygen can enter a cell is determined by the-

• permeability of the cell membrane

• mass of the nucleus.

• size of the cell.

• 
  primary function of the cell

The external conditions that would cause a cell to shrivel or swell in size are those in which the-

• solute to solution ratio within a cell is not in equilibrium.

• solute particles in the external environment require energy.

• 
  internal environment of the cell has excess potential energy.

• water concentration inside and outside of the cell are equal.

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Water with a lower concentration of sugar is placed on one side of a container, and water with a higher concentration of sugar is placed on the other side of the container. The two sides are separated by a barrier.

• Sugar molecules will diffuse until the concentration of sugar is uniform throughout.

• Sugar molecules will move via osmosis from high concentration to low concentration.

• The water level on one side of the tube will be higher than on the other side.

• 
  The sugar from both sides will collect at the bottom as a solid.

Why are buffers important in a cell's ability to maintain homeostasis?

• • They lower the temperature speeding up reactions.

• 
  They allow the cell to stay within a specific pH.

• 
  They denature proteins to be digested by the cell.

• 
  They allow diffusion of water across the lipid bilayer.

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The difference between active and passive transport is that–

• passive transport requires energy to move molecules up a concentration gradient, and active transport does not.

• passive transport can only move specific particles across a membrane, and active transport can move any particle.

• 
  active transport requires energy to move molecules up a concentration gradient, and passive transport does not.

• 
  active transport moves molecules in animal cells, and passive transport moves molecules in plants.

Which of the following scenarios represents an example of osmosis?

• Blood vessels transport glucose to cells.

• Blood vessels transport glucose to cells.

• Limp celery becomes crisp in water.

• Sweating lowers body temperature.

Which of the following most accurately describes the difference between osmosis and diffusion within a cell?

• Osmosis is the movement of water across a membrane, while diffusion is the movement of molecules from high to low concentrations.

• Osmosis is the movement of molecules from high to low concentrations, while diffusion is the movement of water across a membrane.

• Osmosis is the movement of solute across a membrane, while diffusion is movement of molecules from high to low concentrations.

• 
  Osmosis is the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane, while diffusion is the movement of solute

Explain the difference between a hypertonic and a hypotonic solution.

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Osmosis is the diffusion of _______________.