Methodological Issues

Match the following

• Ecological Validity

• Research avoids extraneous variables like demand characteristics

• Population Validity

• Research has a diverse range of cultures

• Ethnocentrism

• Research reflects a real world scenario

• Reliability

• Research has lots of participants

• Construct Validity

• Research has a diverse range of people (ages, genders)

Match the strengths and weaknesses of Bandura to the methdological issue

• Construct Validity

• Children would never see an adult attack a bobo doll for 10 minutes

• Reliability

• Children are unlikely to guess the purpose of the experiment

• Ecological Validity

• Only took place in Stanford USA

• Ethnocentrism

• The study included both boys and girls

• Population Validity

• There were only 6 children in each condition

Research that includes participants from different countries relates to:

• Reliabliity

• Population Validity

• Ethnocentrism

Sam has a sample of 200 people. They are all college students, aged between 16-18. Some of them have backgrounds from different cultures. Which part of this sample relates to the idea of reliabiltiy?

• There are 200 participants

• They are all college students

• Their age range is 16-18

• Students have backgrounds from different cultures

Reliable research is easy to (a)   because parts of the procedure are ​ (b)   and can be kept the same. But research that has ​ (c)   validity, has ​ (d)   extraneous variables.

• replicate
• standardised
• construct
• controlled

Which has the most reliable study? Rank the studies from largest overall sample size to smallest.

• 
• 
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True or false: population validity considers the gender mix of participants in a study.

• True
• False

What are demand characteristics?

• Environmental factors that could affect participants' behaviour

• Cues or clues in a research study that may lead participants to guess the hypothesis or purpose of the study and alter their behavior or responses.
• The characteristics of a product or service that make it in high demand among consumers.

True or false: If you are studying biological factors (like the brain) then you coudl include participants from the same culture and still avoid ethnocentrism.

It doesn't matter what culture the participants are from - all people are biologically the same.

• True - It doesn't matter that participants are all from the same culture

• False - It does matter that participants are from same culture.

Match the parts of the study to their methdological issue:

• Reliability

• Milgram hid the purpose of his study to the participants

• Construct Validity

• Piliavin had a ethnic mix of 45% black and 55% white participants

• Ethical Guidelines

• Piliavin standardised the victim behaviour (they all collapsed after 70 seconds)

• Population Validity

• Bandura deliberately tried to make children aggressive

• Ethnocentrism

• Participants in Milgram were all Men