Thinking, Memory and Language

In language, this is the smallest distinctive unit of sound.

• Morpheme

• Phoneme

• Semantics

• Syntax

A tendency to approach a problem in a particular way, often a way that has been used in the past.

• Functional fixedness

• Mental Set

• Prototype

• Algorithm

A measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learned earlier with very few retrieval cues.

• Recognition

• Recollection

• Relearning

• Recall

A methodical, logical rule or procedure that guarantees solving a problem.

• Heuristic

• Schema

• Algorithm

• Insight

A measure of memory in which the person needs only to identify items previously learned.

• Recall

• Reminiscence

• Recognition

• Relearning

The process of getting information out of memory storage.

• Encoding

• Potentiation

• Reconstruction

• Retrieval

The immediate, very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system.

• Sensory memory

• Short-term memory

• Episodic memory

• Flashbulb memory

 The tendency to think of things only in terms of their usual functions.

• Mental set

• Representativeness heuristic

• Functional fixedness

• Availability heuristic

A simple thinking strategy that often allows us to solve problems efficiently, yet is error-prone.

• Heuristic

• Algorithm

• Trial-and-error

• Schema

The smallest unit of language that carries meaning—it could be a word or a prefix/suffix.

• Phoneme

• Morpheme

• Syntax

• Semantics