Non-Coding RNAs Quiz

What is the central dogma of molecular biology?

• DNA → mRNA → proteins

• mRNA → DNA → proteins

• Proteins → mRNA → DNA

• Proteins → DNA → mRNA

What percentage of the human genome codes for proteins?

• 50%

• 10%

• 98%

• 2%

What was the initial belief about the 'junk DNA' in the genome?

• It was involved in RNA synthesis

• It was considered useless

• It encoded important proteins

• It was responsible for gene regulation

What are the two known classes of non-coding RNAs?

• Ribosomal RNAs and transfer RNAs

• Messenger RNAs and ribosomal RNAs

• Regulatory non-coding RNAs and housekeeping non-coding RNAs

• Small non-coding RNAs and long non-coding RNAs

What is the function of transfer RNAs?

• Decoding the mRNA sequence and translating it into an amino acid sequence

• Carrying genetic information in the cell

• Regulating gene expression

• Building the structural components of ribosomes

What is the most abundant RNA species in the cell?

• Ribosomal RNAs

• Transfer RNAs

• Messenger RNAs

• Small non-coding RNAs

What is the function of microRNAs?

• Decoding the mRNA sequence

• Cutting up coding mRNAs

• Building ribosomes

• Transcribing DNA into mRNA

What is the role of the non-coding RNA Xist?

• Repairing damaged DNA

• Inactivating one of the X chromosomes in female cells

• Enhancing protein synthesis

• Regulating gene expression in male cells

What is the RNA World hypothesis?

• The idea that the first biomolecular processes were based on RNA

• The concept of using RNA as a data storage molecule

• The hypothesis that RNA is only involved in protein synthesis

• The theory that RNA is the most stable nucleic acid

What are ribozymes?

• RNAs that regulate gene expression

• RNAs responsible for DNA replication

• RNAs involved in protein synthesis

• RNAs with a catalytic function like enzymes