2.2 Vocabulary

The weak attraction described is a hydrogen bond, which occurs between a slightly positive hydrogen atom and a slightly negative atom, typically oxygen or nitrogen. This distinguishes it from covalent and ionic bonds.

Cohesion refers to the attraction between molecules of the same substance, such as water molecules sticking together. This is different from adhesion, which is the attraction between different substances.

Adhesion refers to the force of attraction between different types of molecules, such as water molecules sticking to a glass surface. This distinguishes it from cohesion, which is the attraction between similar molecules.

A buffer is a compound that helps maintain a stable pH by neutralizing small amounts of acids or bases, preventing sharp changes in pH levels. Therefore, the correct answer is buffer.

The curvature of the water in a test tube, known as the meniscus, is primarily due to adhesion. Water molecules are attracted to the glass, causing the liquid to climb up the sides, while cohesion keeps the water molecules together.

A bug's ability to walk on water is primarily due to cohesion, which is the attraction between water molecules that creates surface tension. This allows the bug to stay on the surface without sinking.

Capillary action occurs due to both cohesion and adhesion. Cohesion is the attraction between like molecules, while adhesion is the attraction between unlike molecules. Together, they enable liquid to rise in a small tube.

A solution is a type of mixture where all components are evenly distributed at the molecular level, unlike suspensions where particles are not uniformly distributed. Therefore, the correct answer is 'solution'.

A mixture is defined as a material composed of two or more elements or compounds that are physically mixed together but not chemically combined. This distinguishes it from compounds, which are chemically bonded.

A substance with a pH less than 7 is classified as an acid. Acids release hydrogen ions in solution, which lowers the pH, while bases have a pH greater than 7 and increase hydroxide ions.