Postmodern Society and the Rise of Alternative Spiritualities

According to Alan Swingewood, what is a characteristic of postmodern society?

• An increase in church attendance

• An emphasis on shared ideology

• A decline in competition among religious organizations

• A loss of trust in religious leaders

Which religious organizations have seen significant increases in membership?

• Church of England and Catholic Church

• Pentecostals and New churches

• Orthodox and Smaller denominations

• Bishops and Archbishops

What did the Kendal project researchers find about church attendance in the town?

• It remained constant over the years

• It increased by 3%

• It decreased by 3%

• It decreased by 3.5%

What did the Kendal researchers describe as a 'spiritual revolution'?

• The search for hidden depths and individuality

• The rise of alternative forms of spirituality

• The decline of traditional churches

• The increase in participation in the 'holistic milieu'

What do the trends suggest about culture and identity?

• They are becoming more unified

• They are becoming more fragmented

• They are becoming more traditional

• They are becoming less important

According to Zygmunt Bauman, what may lead individuals to search for spirituality in other places?

• A crisis of meaning

• A crisis of identity

• A crisis of belief

• A crisis of trust

What does Bauman suggest about 'fundamentalist tendencies'?

• They are a result of globalization

• They are a result of religious leaders

• They are a result of postmodern society

• They are a result of individual choice

What is a characteristic of the people engaged in alternative spiritualities in Kendal?

• They are mostly people who worked in caring jobs

• They are mostly people who worked in technical jobs

• They are mostly under 40

• They are mostly men

What is the motivation for 'spiritual shopping'?

• A desire for religious traditions

• A desire for hidden depths

• A desire for community

• A desire for conformity

What is the main focus of the 'holistic milieu'?

• Subordination to a higher power

• Religious rituals

• Consumerism

• Individuality