iGCSE C1 Data Representation: Terminology

Binary digit binary number system

• a number system based on 2 and can only use the values 0 and 1
• a number system based on the value 16 which uses denary digits 0 to 9 and letters A to F
• an error message generated by the computer
• an operation that shifts bits to the left or right in a register; any bits shifted out of a register (left or right) are replaced with zeroes

hexadecimal number system

• a number system based on the value 16 which uses denary digits 0 to 9 and letters A to F
• a number system based on 2 and can only use the values 0 and 1
• an error message generated by the computer
• standing for Media Access Control, this address (given in hexadecimal) uniquely identifies a device on the internet; it takes the form: NN-NN-NN-DD-DD-DD, where NN-NN-NN is the manufacturer code and DD-DD-DD is the device code NN-NN-NN-DD-DD-DD

error code

• an error message generated by the computer
• Internet Protocol identified either as IPv4 or IPv6; it gives a unique address to each device connected to a network identifying their location
• the result of carrying out a calculation that produces a value that is too large for the computer’s allocated word size (8-bit, 16-bit, 32-bit, and so on)
• the number of sound samples taken per second in digital sound recording

MAC address

• standing for Media Access Control, this address (given in hexadecimal) uniquely identifies a device on the internet; it takes the form: NN-NN-NN-DD-DD-DD, where NN-NN-NN is the manufacturer code and DD-DD-DD is the device code NN-NN-NN-DD-DD-DD
• HyperText Mark-up Language is used in the design of web pages and to write, for example, http(s) protocols; in the context of this chapter, colours used in web pages are assigned a hexadecimal code based on red, green and blue colours
• Internet Protocol identified either as IPv4 or IPv6; it gives a unique address to each device connected to a network identifying their location
• a number system based on the value 16 which uses denary digits 0 to 9 and letters A to F

IP address

• Internet Protocol identified either as IPv4 or IPv6; it gives a unique address to each device connected to a network identifying their location
• reduction of the size of a file by removing repeated or redundant pieces of data; this can be lossy or lossless
• standing for Media Access Control, this address (given in hexadecimal) uniquely identifies a device on the internet; it takes the form: NN-NN-NN-DD-DD-DD, where NN-NN-NN is the manufacturer code and DD-DD-DD is the device code NN-NN-NN-DD-DD-DD
• an error message generated by the computer

HTML

• HyperText Mark-up Language is used in the design of web pages and to write, for example, http(s) protocols; in the context of this chapter, colours used in web pages are assigned a hexadecimal code based on red, green and blue colours
• a character set for all the characters on a standard keyboard and control codes
• Internet Protocol identified either as IPv4 or IPv6; it gives a unique address to each device connected to a network identifying their location
• a method of representing negative numbers in binary; when applied to an 8-bit system, the left-most bit (most significant bit) is given the value –128

overflow error

• the result of carrying out a calculation that produces a value that is too large for the computer’s allocated word size (8-bit, 16-bit, 32-bit, and so on)
• an error message generated by the computer
• a method of representing negative numbers in binary; when applied to an 8-bit system, the left-most bit (most significant bit) is given the value –128
• Internet Protocol identified either as IPv4 or IPv6; it gives a unique address to each device connected to a network identifying their location

logical shift

• an operation that shifts bits to the left or right in a register; any bits shifted out of a register (left or right) are replaced with zeroes
• a method of representing negative numbers in binary; when applied to an 8-bit system, the left-most bit (most significant bit) is given the value –128
• the result of carrying out a calculation that produces a value that is too large for the computer’s allocated word size (8-bit, 16-bit, 32-bit, and so on)
• HyperText Mark-up Language is used in the design of web pages and to write, for example, http(s) protocols; in the context of this chapter, colours used in web pages are assigned a hexadecimal code based on red, green and blue colours

two’s complement

• a method of representing negative numbers in binary; when applied to an 8-bit system, the left-most bit (most significant bit) is given the value –128
• a number system based on 2 and can only use the values 0 and 1
• an operation that shifts bits to the left or right in a register; any bits shifted out of a register (left or right) are replaced with zeroes
• the result of carrying out a calculation that produces a value that is too large for the computer’s allocated word size (8-bit, 16-bit, 32-bit, and so on)

ASCII code

• a character set for all the characters on a standard keyboard and control codes
• a character set which represents all the languages of the world (the first 128 characters are the same as ASCII code)
• a method of representing negative numbers in binary; when applied to an 8-bit system, the left-most bit (most significant bit) is given the value –128
• an operation that shifts bits to the left or right in a register; any bits shifted out of a register (left or right) are replaced with zeroes