Unit 4 multiple choice practice

What type of conditioning involves pairing a neutral stimulus with a stimulus that already causes an automatic response?

• operant conditioning

• classical conditioning

• positive reinforcement

• negative reinforcement

• conjoined conditioning

What type of conditioning involves either providing or taking away a stimulus after an organism responds and then watching to see if the organism repeats that response?

• operant conditioning

• classical conditioning

• positive reinforcement

• negative reinforcement

• secondary reinforcement

When Mr. Bavis decides to train his cat to jump into his lap on command, he uses cat treats to reinforce the jumping behavior. Later though, Mr. Bavis notices that his cat is gaining weight because of the treats. What techniques can Mr. Bavis use to maintain the desired behavior but avoid giving too many treats?

• Classical conditioning instead of operant conditioning

• Insight learning after initial conditioning

• negative reinforcement replacing the positive reinforcement

• spontaneous recovery after extinction

• fixed-ratio schedule of reinforcement

Which type of conditioning is most like the common practice of providing rewards for desired behavior?

• observational learning

• classical conditioning

• positive conditioning

• advantage learning

• operant conditioning

Which of the following summaries best describes classical conditioning?

• Adding a stimulus or removing a stimulus after a response in order to influence an organism's behavior.

• Waiting until an organism does something close to what the researcher wants it to do and giving the organism a reward.

• Finding a stimulus that automatically causes a response and pairing that with a new stimulus.

• Determining what the unconditioned response the researcher wants to condition and then figuring out the best reinforcement.

• Experimenting with the most effective, traditional schedule of reinforcement.

Sara, a computer programmer, is working on a project for a casino. The casino manager asked her to program a video poker machine to make sure that players win only after they have been playing for somewhere between 10 and 23 minutes. Which schedule of reinforcement best matches the program Sara is writing?

• fixed-ratio schedule

• variable-interval schedule

• fixed-interval schedule

• variable-ratio schedule

• variable-frequency schedule

Which of the following summaries best describes operant conditioning?

• Examine how an organism interprets an event, and then modify the event to better match the organism's cognitive interpretation of the event.

• Rewarding an organism will strengthen the researcher's relationship with that organism, and the organism will be more likely to do what the researcher wants.

• When a researcher finds a stimulus that automatically causes an organism to do something, he or she pairs that stimulus with a new, neutral stimulus.

• A researcher figures out what he or she wants the organism to do and then gives the organism something it wants when it gets close to that behavior.

• Punish an organism via conditioned stimuli until the behavior conforms to desired parameters.

What term would a behaviorist use for an external event or object that elicits a behavior in an organism?

• punishment

• stimulus

• instinct

• response

• reinforcement

Jason watches his brother Sean sneak downstairs to play video games after they were both supposed to be in bed. Their parents don't wake up. Sean comes back upstairs an hour later, says that playing the games was alot of fun, and does not get in trouble. A few nights later, Jason sneaks downstairs to play video games. What kind of learning most influences Jason in this scenario?

• positive reinforcement

• vicarious reward

• observational learning

• obedience training

• permissive parenting

Which of the following is the best definition of a stimulus?

• An external event or object that elicits a behavior in an organism.

• An external object that increases the chance an organism will repeat a behavior.

• Energy or a chemical that activates one of the human senses.

• A physical reaction or behavior elicited by an external event or object.

• An external object that decreases the chance an organism will repeat a behavior.