Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table

James, Evelyn, and Grace are studying chemistry. They come across an atom of chlorine with 17 protons, 17 electrons, and 18 neutrons. They start debating about its atomic mass. James thinks it's about

• 35 AMU

• 34 AMU

• 18 AMU

• 17 AMU

Answer explanation

The atomic mass of an atom is determined by the sum of protons and neutrons. In this case, chlorine has 17 protons and 18 neutrons, resulting in an atomic mass of 35 AMU. Therefore, the correct choice is 35 AMU.

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Aria, Evelyn, and Sophia were doing a science project. They had a bottle of water (H₂O) and they were looking at the periodic table of the elements. They realized that water is not found on the periodic table because water is

• an atom

• a mixture

• a liquid

• a compound

Answer explanation

Water is a compound because it is made up of two different elements, hydrogen and oxygen, chemically bonded together.

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Aria, Arjun, and Ava are studying the structure of an atom for their science project. They are particularly interested in where the neutron is located within the atom. Can you help them identify the part of the atom where the neutron is located?

• cloud

• nucleus

• orbital

• quark

Answer explanation

The neutron is located in the nucleus of an atom. It is one of the subatomic particles found in the nucleus along with protons.

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Liam, Ethan, and Harper are studying chemistry. They are discussing the electrons on the outermost shell of an atom. What are these electrons called?

• molecule electrons

• valance electrons

• leveled electrons

• special electrons

Answer explanation

Valance electrons are the electrons on the outermost shell of an atom. They play a crucial role in chemical bonding and determining the reactivity of an element.

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Mason, Ava, and Olivia are studying for their chemistry test. They come across a question: 'Which particle in an atom determines the identity of the element?' Can you help them answer this?

• proton

• neutron

• electron

Answer explanation

The proton determines the identity of the element because it carries a positive charge and its number defines the atomic number, which is unique for each element.

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Avery, Benjamin, and Kai are studying chemistry. They come across a neutral atom of zirconium with an atomic number of 40 and an atomic mass of 90 in their textbook. They start debating about the number of protons in it. Can you help them figure out how many protons are in this atom?

• 130

• 90

• 50

• 40

Answer explanation

The atomic number of an atom represents the number of protons in its nucleus. In this case, the neutral atom of zirconium with an atomic number of 40 has 40 protons. Therefore, the correct choice is 40.

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Avery, Evelyn, and Lily are studying chemistry. They come across a neutral atom of phosphorus with an atomic number of 15 and an atomic mass of 31 in their textbook. They start debating about the number of neutrons in it. Can you help them figure it out?

• 15

• 16

• 31

• 46

Answer explanation

The atomic number of phosphorus is 15, which represents the number of protons. The atomic mass is 31, which represents the sum of protons and neutrons. Therefore, the number of neutrons can be calculated by subtracting the atomic number from the atomic mass. In this case, 31 - 15 = 16. So, the correct choice is 16.

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Mason is studying chemistry and he comes across an element with an atomic number of 23 and an atomic mass of 51. Emma asks him how many electrons are in a neutral atom of this element. What should Mason's answer be?

• 23

• 28

• 51

• 74

Answer explanation

The atomic number of an element represents the number of electrons in a neutral atom. Therefore, Mason's answer should be 23, as it matches the atomic number of the element.

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Liam, Aiden, and Abigail are studying the structure of an atom for their science project. They are debating which subatomic particle within the atom has the least amount of mass. Can you help them?

• electrons

• protons

• neutrons

Answer explanation

Electrons have the least amount of mass compared to protons and neutrons. They are negatively charged particles that orbit around the nucleus of an atom.

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Elijah, Liam, and Sophia are studying for their physics exam. Sophia recalls that one type of subatomic particle has a negative charge, but she can't remember which one. Can you help them?

• protons

• neutrons

• electrons

Answer explanation

Electrons are subatomic particles with a negative charge.

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