Study Guide for Unit 2.2 Test

The Cell is the basic unit of

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SC.912.L.14.1

Which Statement BEST summarizes why the cell theory was developed over time?

• As cells changed, they proved that the cell theory was inaccurate

• The discovery of new evidence resulted in changes to the cell theory

• Changes in cell models showed that the cell theory was based on opinion

• The cell theory was modified with the discovery of each organelle

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SC.912.L.14.1

All cells come from ___________ cells by division

In the past, some scientists accepted the theory of spontaneous generation. This theory states

that organisms can arise from nonliving matter. Currently, scientists use the cell theory to

explain the origin and growth of new organisms. Which of these statements is a key idea of cell

theory and a rejection of spontaneous generation?

• The cell is the basic unit of life.

• . All living things are made of matter.

• All cells arise from pre-existing cells by division.

• All cells are formed from the combination of two other cells.

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SC.912.L.14.1

Plant cells have one central vacuole. Which statement explains how the central vacuole

supports the function of the plant cell?

• A larger central vacuole has a larger membrane surface area, which increases the rate of

  production of ATP.

  B. The large surface area of the central vacuole increases the production of necessary

  proteins needed for the cell.

  C. The central vacuole stores the genetic material of the cell in a central location, allowing all

  organelles to function more effectively.

  D. As the central vacuole expands with molecules needed for photosynthesis, it causes the

  cell to become more rigid and creates structural support to the plant

• The large surface area of the central vacuole increases the production of necessary

  proteins needed for the cell.

• The central vacuole stores the genetic material of the cell in a central location, allowing all

  organelles to function more effectively.

• As the central vacuole expands with molecules needed for photosynthesis, it causes the

  cell to become more rigid and creates structural support to the plant.

Which of following best explains the purpose of the inner membrane?

• to prevent the mitochondria from folding in on itself

• to provide a large surface area for the production of ATP

• to provide a large surface area for the production of glucose

• to protect the genetic information that is stored in the organelle

In some cells, there are two types of endoplasmic reticulums (ER) known as the smooth ER

and the rough ER as seen in the image below.

How is the location of the rough ER related to its overall purpose for the cell?

• The rough ER is near the nucleus which holds the instructions that allow the ribosomes to

  make proteins.

• By being closely attached to the smooth ER, the rough ER can easily sort, synthesize,

  and package lipids for the cell.

• The rough ER is used as an extra layer of protection around the nucleus to

  prevent ribosomes from entering the nucleus.

• . Being close to the nucleus helps the rough ER receive better direction on producing

  energy in the form of ATP for the cell.

The diagram below shows three different proteins embedded in a cell membrane, as well as

the concentration gradient surrounding the cell.

Which of the following statements correctly states the process shown in the diagram?

• The process labeled 1 shows how cells can easily move molecules with the concentration

  gradient using high energy molecules.

• The process labeled 2 shows how cells move molecules against the concentration

  gradient without needing high energy molecules.

• The process labeled 3 shows how cells use ATP to facilitate the active transport of

  molecules against the concentration gradient.

• All three processes show how molecules freely move in and out of the cell regardless of

  the concentration gradient or available energy.

Four different types of cells are shown below.

Which characteristics are shared by all four cells?

• genetic material and ribosomes

• membrane-bound organelles and a cell wall

• presence of a mitochondria and cell membrane

• mechanism for transforming sunlight into energy and DNA

The table below compares observations collected for 2 different cells.

Cell 1 Cell 2

does not have a nucleus has a nucleus

does not have

membrane-bound

organelles

has memberane-bound

organelles

has circular DNA has linear DNA

Which of these correctly identifies the two cells described in the table?

• Both Cell 1 and Cell 2 are eukaryotic.

• Both Cell 1 and Cell 2 are prokaryotic.

• Cell 1 is eukaryotic and Cell 2 is prokaryotic.

• . Cell 1 is prokaryotic and Cell 2 is eukaryotic.