Enzymes and transport

Illustration 1 shows sugar that has formed a bond based on the action of an enzyme. Illustration 2 shows the enzyme after the addition of heat. How does the addition of heat affect the ability of an enzyme to help the sugar molecules form a bond?

• Heat allows the sugar molecules to bond more quickly.

• Heat provides places on the enzyme for other molecules to bond. 

• Heat changes the enzyme so that the sugar molecules can no longer bond. 

• Heat changes the chemical composition of the sugar molecules so they no longer need the enzyme. 

Tags

NGSS.HS-PS1-5

Examine the pH data in Tables 1 and 2.

What can be inferred about the effectiveness of enzymes?

• Enzymes have specific substrates and work best in any pH.

• Enzymes do not have specific substrates and work best in any pH.

• Enzymes have specific substrates, so they work best within a small range of pH.

• • 
    

    Enzymes do not have specific substrates, so they work best within a small range of pH.

The enzyme pepsin catalyzes the breakdown of protein but does not affect the breakdown of lipids. What affects why enzymes catalyze reactions involving some types of molecules but not others?

• the temperature of the environment

• the shapes of the molecules involved

• the amount of ATP available for the reaction

• the number of molecules present in the reactants

An enzyme (catalase) is found in liver cells. Its function is to break down its substrate (hydrogen peroxide) into harmless water and oxygen.

What will happen to the enzyme (catalase) if the amount of substrate (hydrogen peroxide) keeps increasing?

• It will be used up, and the cells will be poisoned.

• It will be used up, and more of the enzyme will be produced.

• It will be denatured by the hydrogen peroxide.

• It will be reused to break down the hydrogen peroxide.

Tags

NGSS.HS-PS1-5

What type of macromolecules are enzymes?

• Carbohydrates

• lipids

• nucleic acids

• proteins

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

The diagram represents a series of reactions that occur in organisms.

What relationship is best represented?

• antigens and immunity

• mRNA and ribosomes

• substrates and enzyme

• carrier proteins and active transport

Enzymes are critical to metabolic function and maintenance of homeostasis in the cell.

What does the diagram illustrate about enzyme function?

• The binding of the substrate to the enzyme is facilitated by the shape of the enzyme’s active site, which is specific for the substrate it binds.

• The products of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction can reenter the active site of an enzyme and be fused back together into the original reactants

• • 
    

    The substrate in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction can only be broken down when the substrate’s length-to-width ratio is roughly 3:1 in the active site.

• When the substrate binds to the enzyme, the enzyme folds shut around the substrate, trapping the products of the reaction inside the protein to be digested.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS2-3

NGSS.HS-LS2-5

Structure is critically linked to function in enzymes.

What can be concluded by looking at the image of an enzyme?

• The enzyme’s active site must allow for the breakdown of a large substrate into three distinct products.

• The irregular shape of the enzyme’s active site must mean that it can only accept one or a few types of substrates.

• • 
    

    The irregular shape of the enzyme’s active site must mean that it has denatured and is nonfunctional.

• The enzyme’s active site must allow for the fusion of three smaller substrates into one large substrate molecule.

Which statement explains how an enzyme acts as a catalyst to increase the speed of a reaction?

• It changes the structure of the substrate.

• It decreases the concentration of the substrate.

• It increases the temperature of the reaction.

• It lowers the activation energy of the reaction.

Many different enzymes are needed during digestion. The pH of the mouth ranges from 6.5-7.5, the pH of the stomach is 2, and the pH of the small intestine is neutral.

Which enzyme works best in the mouth?

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