Exam practice 2

Identify the following technical factors most commonly used for upper limb radiography.

• 40 inches (100cm)

• Long or short exposure time

• Low to medium (60 - 80kvp)

• kVp range

• 10cm

• Large or small focal spot

• small focal spot

• Grids are used if the body part measures greater than

• Short exposure time

• Most common minimum source-image receptor distance (SID)

Identify the following technical factors most commonly used for upper limb radiography.

• 3 to 4 kVp

• Small-to-medium dry plaster casts: Increase

• 5 to 7 kVp

• Correctly exposed radiographs visualize

• 8 to 10 kVp

• Fiberglass casts: Inrease

• Soft tissue and trabecular markings

• Large plaster casts: Increase

Circle all pertinent factors that help reduce image distortion during upper limb radiography

• 40 - 44 inches (100 - 110 cm) SID

• Minimal object-image receptor distance (OID)

• Correct central ray placement and angulation

• Use of small focal spot

True/False: Lead (protective) shielding is only required for upper limb studies performed on patients who are of childbearing age or younger

True/False: Guardians of young pediatric patients who are undergoing upper limb studies can be asked to hold their child during the radiographic study.

______ is a radiographic procedure that uses contrast media injected into the joint capsule to visualize soft tissue pathology of the wrist, elbow, and shoulder joints

What is the positioning routine for the second through fifth digits of the hand?

• PA

• PA Oblique

• Lateral

How much of the metacarpals should be included for PA projection of the digits

List the two radiographic criteria used to determine whether rotation is present on the PA projection of the digits.

• Systemic appearance of both sides of the shafts of phalanges and distal metacarpals

• Equal amounts of tissue on each side of the phalanges

Identify which position modifications should be used for a study of the second digit to reduce distortion for each of the following

• Proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint

• Where is the central ray centered for a PA oblique projection of the second digit?

• Lateral position

• Perform the medial oblique rather than lateral oblique to decrease OID

• PA oblique projection

• Perform a thumb-down lateral (mediolateral projection) to decrease OID