Language Acquisition

What does the Critical Period Hypothesis propose regarding language learning?

• There is no optimal age for language learning.

• Language learning is most efficient during childhood.

• Adults learn languages faster than children.

Which factor is NOT considered an individual difference in language learning?

• Motivation

• Classroom size

• Cultural background

How does learner preference influence language learning?

• It has no impact.

• It affects the choice of learning strategies.

• It determines language proficiency

Answer explanation

Learners have clear preferences for how they go about learning new material. The term 'learning style' has been used to describe an individual's natural, habitual, and preferred way of absorbing, processing, and retaining new information and skills (Reid 1995).

What is the primary focus of the Critical Period Hypothesis?

• Vocabulary acquisition

• Accent reduction

• The timing of language learning

In the context of second language acquisition, what is aptitude?

• The natural ability to speak multiple languages.

• The speed at which one can learn a new language

• The tendency to prefer certain learning styles.

Answer explanation

Learning quickly is the distinguishing feature of aptitude.

In the context of second language acquisition, what does the term 'field independence' refer to?

• A learner's ability to separate details from the general background.

• The independence of language learning from cultural influences.

• The tendency to learn language independently of others.

Which of the following is NOT a factor influencing learner preferences in language learning?

• Learning styles

• Personality

• Physical fitness

Study by Mark Patkowski gave added support to the Critical Period Hypothesis for SLA.

• True

• False

According to Johnson&Newport's study, what does an early start to language learning before the age of 15 suggest?

• Native-like language abilities are guaranteed.

• Individual differences become more apparent in older learners.

• The critical period hypothesis is not applicable.

Answer explanation

This study supports the hypothesis that there is a critical period for attaining full native-like mastery ofa second language.

Which factor did Snow and Hoefnagel-Hohle find to be influential in the early stages of learning L2 Dutch?

• Age of acquisition

• Motivation

• Cultural background

Answer explanation

Adults and adolescents can make considerable and rapid progress towards mastery of a second language in contexts where they can make use of the language on a daily basis in social, personal, professional, or academic interaction. Which is indicative of motivation.