10-minute Quiz : Chapter 54 Industrial processes

Ammonium nitrate is one of the most widely used nitrogenous fertilizers, but it requires careful handling and storage due to its one specific property. Which of the following is this property of ammonium nitrate?

• A. Acidic
• B. Basic
• C. Reducing
• D. Oxidizing

Which of the following is the correct explanation for the use of an iron catalyst in the Haber process?

• A. It allows the process to adopt very low temperatures.
• B. It allows the process to operate at atmospheric pressure.
• C. It allows the process to run faster.
• D. It allows the process to give a higher yield of ammonia.

Which of the following is the correct explanation for the seldom use of a very high operating pressure in the Haber process?

• A. It will reduce the yield of ammonia.
• B. It will increase the risk of explosion.
• C. It will lower the rate of the reaction.
• D. It will increase the activation energy of the reaction.

Direction: Questions 4 and 5 refer to the manufacture of nitric acid in chemical plants.

In the manufacture of nitric acid, the first stage is the oxidation of ammonia to nitrogen monoxide in the presence of platinum at 900°C and 8 atm.

wNH₃(g) + xO₂(g) → yNO(g) + zH₂O(g)

Which of the combinations about w, x, y and z is correct?

• A
• B
• C
• D

Direction: Questions 4 and 5 refer to the manufacture of nitric acid in chemical plants.

Apart from the reaction mentioned in Question 4, which of the following reactions are involved in the manufacture of nitric acid?

(1) 2NO(g) + O₂(g) → 2NO₂(g)

(2) 4NO(g) + 2H₂O(l) + O₂(g) → 4HNO₂(aq)

(3) 4NO₂(g) + 2H₂O(l) + O₂(g) → 4HNO₃(aq)

• A. (1) and (2) only
• B. (1) and (3) only
• C. (2) and (3) only
• D. (1), (2) and (3)

Which of the following reactions occurs at the cathode of the flowing mercury cells?

• A. 2Cl⁻(aq) → Cl₂(g) + 2e⁻
• B. 2H⁺(aq) + 2e⁻ → H₂(g)
• C. Na⁺(aq) + e⁻ + Hg(l) → Na/Hg(l)
• D. 4OH⁻(aq) → O₂(g) + 2H₂O(l) + 4e⁻

Which of the following is the reason why using membrane cells are less preferable than using flowing mercury cells in the chloroalkali industry?

• A. Using membrane cells requires a higher purity of brine.
• B. Using membrane cells produces poisonous chlorine.
• C. Using membrane cells requires higher operating voltages.
• D. Using membrane cells requires higher operating temperatures.

Methanol can be produced industrially by the reaction as shown below.

CO(g) + 2H₂(g) ⇌ CH₃OH(g)　　ΔH = −90 kJ mol⁻¹

Which of the following is the best way to increase the yield of methanol?

• A. Increasing the concentration of CO(g)
• B. Increasing the temperature of the system
• C. Increasing both the concentration of CO(g) and the temperature of the system
• D. Decreasing the pressure of the system

Which of the combinations of temperature and pressure for steam reforming of natural gas is correct?

• A
• B
• C
• D

A shift reaction is adopted to adjust the mole ratio of CO to H₂ in the syngas from 1 : 3 to 1 : 2 for effective production of methanol.

CO₂(g) + H₂(g) ⇌ CO(g) + H₂O(g)　　ΔH = −41 kJ mol⁻¹

Which of the following changes can help achieve this?

(1) Increasing the volume of the system

(2) Reducing the temperature of the system

(3) Adding a more effective catalyst to the system

• A. (1) only
• B. (2) only
• C. (1) and (3) only
• D. (2) and (3) only