Checkpoint 8

Handedness is:

• thought to be mostly determined by the environment (nurture).

• is mainly dominated by right-handedness in North America, but left-handedness in virtually every other place in the world.

• thought to be mostly determined by genetics (nature).

• None of the above

In addition to seeing improvements in the physical domain, what other benefits are acquired from participating in the recommended levels of physical activity?

• Increased mental health

• Increased academic performance

• Decrease of distractions caused by fatigue, illness, and discomfort

• All of the above

Which would NOT be a good strategy for choosing safe toys

• Watch out for toys that have sharp edges, small parts, or sharp points.

• Always ensure that the child has the option to choose from multiple toys

• Look for toys with tightly secured parts. Young children pull, prod, and twist toys.

• Look for safety information on the toy or label such as “Not recommended for children under 3 years of age,” or “non-toxic” on toys likely to end up in a child’s mouth.

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

• Vygotsky places more emphasis on culture affecting cognitive development than Piaget does.

• Vygotsky places less emphasis on social factors contributing to cognitive development than Piaget does.

• Vygotsky places more emphasis on the role of language in cognitive development than Piaget does.

• Vygotsky places less emphasis on physical factors contributing to physical development than Piaget does.

According to Vygotsky, the role of adults in society is not…

• To foster children’s cognitive development by engaging them in challenging and meaningful activities.

• To convey to children how their culture interprets and responds to the world.

• To show the meaning they attach to objects, events, and experiences.

• To continually assess their value and intelligence

"In North-America, we learn note-taking to aid memory, but in pre-literate societies other strategies must be developed, such as tying knots in string to remember, or carrying pebbles, or repetition of the names of ancestors until large numbers can be repeated."

This quote refers to:

• The Zone of Proximal Development

• The "More Knowledgeable Other"

• Piaget's influence

• How culture determines memory strategy

When considering Vygotsky's theory, the More Knowledgeable Other is:

• someone who has a better understanding of a particular task, process, or concept

• someone who has more experience, but less understanding of a particular task, process, or concept

• a concept that relates to the difference between what can be achieved independently as opposed to what can be achieved with guidance from a skilled partner

• Vygotsky's psychological student