What is the basis for decision-making according to TQM's principles?

• a. Intuition

• b. Factual approach

• c. Traditional practices

• d. Managerial experience

What is the core of TQM's "Customer Focus" principle?

• a. Satisfying present and future customer requirements

• b. Continuous improvement

• c. Employee satisfaction

• d. Unity of action and direction

What role do effective leaders play in TQM's "Leadership" principle?

• a. Managing resources

• b. Motivating employees

• d. Reducing variations

• c. Controlling processes

Why is the involvement of people considered crucial in TQM?

• a. To control processes

• b. To manage resources

• c. To reduce variations

• d. To exploit their abilities for organizational progress

According to the "Systems Approach to Management" in TQM, how should an organization be perceived?

• a. Isolated entity

• b. Linear structure

• c. Interrelated set of activities

• d. Hierarchical structure

What does the "Process Approach" in TQM encompass?

• a. Managing financial resources

• b. Managing organizational structure

• c. Managing activities and resources as a process

• d. Managing employee satisfaction

What characterizes TQM's approach to "Continual Improvement"?

• a. One-time change

• b. Incremental change

• c. Rapid decision-making

• d. Employee training

What characterizes the relationship TQM advocates between the organization and its suppliers?

• a. Competitive rivalry

• b. Mutually beneficial cooperation

• c. Strict contractual obligations

• d. Supplier dominance

What is the role of effective leaders in TQM's "Leadership" principle?

• a. Resource allocation

• b. Employee motivation

• c. Unity of action and direction

• d. Process improvement

What is the integral part of TQM related to customer satisfaction?

• a. Continuous improvement

• b. Customer Focus

• c. Leadership

• d. Involvement of People