The actions taken by department heads in the performance of their official duties are deemed to be the acts of the president himself unless the president expressly disavows them.

This legal principle holds that the heads of executive departments in a presidential system of government are considered to be the alter egos of the president. It recognizes the establishment of a single executive

The doctrine of qualified political agency remains limited to the President’s executive secretary and other cabinet secretaries. It does not extend to deputy executive secretaries or assistant deputy secretaries.

• True

• False

Where a remedy before an administrative body is provided by statute, relief must be sought by exhausting this remedy prior to bringing an action in court in order to give the administrative body every opportunity to decide a matter that comes within its jurisdiction.

• Under the Doctrine of Qualified Political Agency, the presumption is that the action of the Secretary bears the __ of the President unless the same is disapproved by the latter. 

• The President is granted administrative power over bureaus and offices under his control to enable him to discharge his duties effectively. To this end, he can issue administrative orders, rules, and regulations.

• In Ordinance-making Power, the purpose of the administrative issuance is to provide internal rules or instructions for the executive branch; In __, the purpose of the administrative issuance is to fill in the details of the law.

• The President of the Philippines shall exercise __ over local governments.

The President’s power of general supervision means the power of superior officer to see to it that subordinates __ according to law.

The power of general supervision is consistent with the basic policy of __ prescribed in Section 25, Article II and Article X.