Cognition Reading Quiz

According to the information-processing view of memory, the first stage in memory processing involves

• retrieval

• storage

• rehearsal

• encoding

• transfer

A basic assumption underlying short-term memory is that it is

• limited in capacity

• unlimited in capacity

• long-lasting

• not under conscious control

• resistant to decay

Chuck recalls the day last summer when he fell off his bicycle and scraped his knee. This is an example of

• iconic memory

• procedural memory

• semantic memory

• episodic memory

• short-term memory

Which of the following scenarios best demonstrates the role of context effects in memory?

• Jonah tutored his classmate on a difficult concept, and now he understands the concept better than he did before tutoring his classmate.

• Amy studied for a vocabulary test in the same classroom and at the same time of day as the normal class, and she performed better on the test than students who studied in different classrooms under different conditions.

• Mateo studied for an anatomy exam while taking pain medication, which he did not take before the exam. He forgot many of the concepts that he learned when he was studying.

• Dina could not remember the name of her second-grade teacher, but after she thought about the names of her classmates, the teacher’s name suddenly came to her.

• Glenn vividly remembered the details of a car crash he was involved in, but he remembered very little about the rest of the day.

When studying for a vocabulary test, Catherine read one of her vocabulary words and its definition aloud several times. About twenty seconds later, she still remembered the word’s meaning, but then she moved on to the next word in the list without engaging in any further strategies to enhance her memory. The next day, she tested herself on the same vocabulary word at the same time, in the same mood, and in the same location as when she had first studied the word, but she could not remember its definition. It is most likely that Catherine could not remember the word because she failed to engage which of the following memory functions?

• Sensory memory, because Catherine did not pair the word with one of her senses to remember it the next day.

• Long-term memory, because Catherine failed to encode the word; therefore, the word did not become a part of her long-term memory.

• Retrieval, because though Catherine probably stored the memory, it was difficult for her to retrieve it.

• State-dependent memory, because Catherine was too anxious to perform well.

• Context-dependent memory, because Catherine did not study the word in a variety of locations.

A person assembling a tool one week after reading the instructions can remember the first and last steps of the procedure but not the middle ones. This best illustrates which of the following?

• Encoding failure

• Social facilitation

• Retrograde amnesia

• Repression

• The serial position effect

Studying by focusing on the facts and not the meaning of information that has to be remembered involves

• deep processing

• shallow processing

• implicit memory

• classical conditioning

• operant conditioning

When Lois looks at her wedding pictures, she has vivid memories of the early years of her marriage. The pictures serve as

• encoding devices

• iconic memories

• implicit memories

• retrieval cues

• semantic cues

Which of the following increases the chance that an individual will remember a telephone number that has been called several times within a short period?

• Spacing

• Retrieval

• Rehearsal

• Free recall

• Spontaneous recovery

What two parts of the brain are most involved in implicit memory?

• Frontal lobes and basal ganglia

• Amygdala and hippocampus

• Amygdala and cerebellum

• Cerebellum and basal ganglia

• Frontal lobes and hippocampus