2023 AP Pre-Quiz Eukaryotic Regulation

study of the inherited changes in gene expression, occurs without changing gene sequence and influence gene expression.

• genomics

• epigenetics

• bionomics

• fetal genetics

Which of these increases gene expression?

• methylation

• transcriptase

• helicase

• DNA acetylation

chemical modification of DNA that does not affect the sequence of a gene but makes the gene less likely to be expressed.

• methylation

• acetylation

• transcription

• translation

What are the single stranded RNAs that bind to messenger RNAs and prevent translation into proteins?

• miRNAs

• tRNA

• mRNA

• DNA

What is the name of the key chemical group that can be added to DNA to inhibit transcription?

• methyl group

• acetyl group

• study group

• phosphate group

What is the name of the key chemical group that can be added to histone proteins to promote transcription?

• methyl groups

• acetyl groups

• phosphate groups

• study groups

How does modification of DNA and histones deactivate a gene?

• DNA is more tightly bound to the histone making it less accessible to transcription factors.

• DNA is more loosely bound to the histone making it more accessible to transcription factors.

Analysis of DNA methylation patterns revealed that variation in levels of methylation between twins ____.

• increased with age.

• decreased with age.

• remained constant with age.

One way to regulate the expression of a gene is to control the formation of mRNA. This is called ___ control.

• transcriptional

• translational

• post-transcriptional

• post-translational

In order for a gene to be expressed, ___ must bind to the gene's ___, a specific sequence of nucleotides at one end of the gene, thus initiating transcription.

• DNA polymerase, promotor

• DNA polymerase, operator

• RNA polymerase, promotor

• RNA polymerase, operator