Materials and Properties

1. Chantal is struggling to open her jar of jam. Which constraint must the jar undergo so that Chantal can open it?

• Compression

• Tension

• Torsion

• Fracture

Answer explanation

Chantal needs to apply torsion to the jar lid, which involves twisting it to overcome the friction and seal. This rotational force is necessary to open the jar, making torsion the correct choice.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS2-1

NGSS.MS-PS2-2

What constraint must be applied to the slider to move up and down a zipper?

• Compression

• Tension

• Torsion

Answer explanation

To move a zipper slider up and down, tension must be applied. Tension allows the slider to pull the zipper teeth together or apart, facilitating the opening and closing of the zipper.

What are the constraints involved in this situation?

• Compression

• Tension

• Torsion

Answer explanation

In this situation, the primary constraint is compression, which occurs when forces push together, reducing the material's volume. Tension and torsion are not applicable here, as they involve pulling and twisting forces, respectively.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS2-1

NGSS.MS-PS2-2

Which of the following statements is false?

• When significant compression is applied to a rubber band, it can cause the elastic to break.

• When significant compression is applied to an aluminum can, the can undergoes permanent deformation.

• When torsion is applied to a sponge, it causes the sponge to deform temporarily.

• When tennis ball is hit by a racket, the motion of the ball changes.

Answer explanation

The statement about the rubber band is false because rubber bands can stretch significantly without breaking under compression, unlike materials that undergo permanent deformation.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS2-1

NGSS.MS-PS2-2

Which type of constraint occurs when a force is applied to stretch or elongate an object?

• a) Torsion

• b) Compression

• c) Tension

• d) Deflection

Answer explanation

Tension is the type of constraint that occurs when a force is applied to stretch or elongate an object. It contrasts with compression, which involves forces that push or compress an object.

When a force is applied in opposite directions, causing an object to twist along its axis, it is an example of:

• a) Compression

• b) Torsion

• c) Tension

• d) Deflection

Answer explanation

When forces are applied in opposite directions, they create a twisting effect on an object, which is known as torsion. This distinguishes it from compression, tension, and deflection, making b) Torsion the correct answer.

Which constraint type typically results in a change in shape due to a force applied parallel to the surface of an object?

• a) Compression

• b) Torsion

• c) Tension

• d) Deflection

Answer explanation

Tension occurs when a force is applied parallel to the surface, causing the object to stretch and change shape. This is distinct from compression, torsion, and deflection, which involve different types of forces and effects.

When a force causes an object to bend or deform without breaking, it is experiencing:

• a) Compression

• b) Torsion

• c) Tension

• d) Deflection

Answer explanation

When a force causes an object to bend or deform without breaking, it is referred to as deflection. This term specifically describes the change in shape or position of an object under load, distinguishing it from compression, torsion, and tension.

Shearing constraints involve forces acting:

• a) To stretch an object

• b) To compress an object

• c) Parallel to the surface of an object but in opposite directions

• d) Perpendicular to the surface of an object

Answer explanation

Shearing constraints involve forces that act parallel to the surface of an object in opposite directions, causing deformation without changing the object's volume. Thus, the correct answer is c).

Which of the following is NOT a type of constraint?

• a) Torsion

• b) Expansion

• c) Compression

• d) Shearing

Answer explanation

Expansion is not a type of constraint; it refers to the increase in size of materials. Torsion, compression, and shearing are all types of mechanical constraints that describe how materials respond to forces.

Tags

NGSS.MS-ETS1-1

NGSS.MS-ETS1-2