IELTS REading Practice 1

What did the physicists modify the equations to account for?

• Vehicle behavior

• Gas molecule behavior

• Traffic flow

• Weather conditions

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Understanding word meanings

What did theoretical physicists Dirk Helbing and Boris Kerner notice when simulating traffic flow using gas movement equations?

• Unpredictable results

• Smooth traffic flow

• Increased efficiency

• Reduced congestion

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Main ideas and supporting details

What can cause congestion in traffic?

• Accidents

• Road construction

• Spontaneous arising

• Weather conditions

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Main ideas and supporting details

What did theoretical physicists discover when they applied gas movement equations to simulate traffic flow?

• Increased fuel efficiency

• Decreased traffic congestion

• Spontaneous congestion

• Faster travel times

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Comprehending a text

What does the moving-gas model of traffic aim to reproduce?

• Vehicle speed

• Traffic congestion

• Pedestrian behavior

• Weather patterns

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Understanding word meanings

What example do the authors use to illustrate how small fluctuations in traffic density can cause a sudden change in traffic?

• Weather patterns

• Population growth

• Economic fluctuations

• Traffic density

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Main ideas and supporting details

What is the main purpose of the passage?

• To provide examples and analogies

• To explain chaos theory in complex systems

• To test readers' comprehension

• To discuss the history of chaos theory

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Comprehending a text

What is the main concept discussed in the passage?

• Cause and effect in complex systems

• Unpredictable changes in complex systems

• The impact of tiny variations in complex systems

• The concept of chaos theory in complex systems

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Main ideas and supporting details

What does the analogy of a chemical substance changing from vapor to liquid illustrate in complex systems?

• Transition from one state to another

• Stability of complex systems

• Formation of chemical compounds

• Evaporation process in complex systems

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Understanding word meanings

What is the main idea behind chaos theory?

• Predictable variations in complex systems

• Unpredictable variations in complex systems

• Stable variations in complex systems

• Linear variations in complex systems

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Understanding word meanings