Cognitive semantics

1. Who is associated with the formulation of the basic principles of the approach discussed in the text?

• B. Berlin

• P. Kay

• E. Roche

• R. Brown

2. In the experiments with color chips, what did B. Berlin and P. Kay ask speakers of different languages to do?

• a. Identify basic color terms

• b. Arrange chips in a specific order

• c. Name words denoting specific colors

• d. Determine color brightness levels

3. According to the text, what term is used to describe the mental process of classification?

• a. Categorization

• b. Prototyping

• c. Linguification

• d. Differentiation

 

4. What did E. Roche conclude about focal colors in the categorization of colors?

• a. They are linguistically determined.

• b. They have a linguistic emphasis.

• c. They are solely dependent on language.

• d. They have a cognitive-perceptual emphasis.

5. According to prototype theory, what role do natural prototypes play in the formation of color categories?

• a. They are irrelevant.

• b. They serve as boundaries.

• c. They are central reference points.

• d. They are language-dependent.

6. How did E. Roche involve subjects in her experiments to avoid the influence of linguistic categorization?

• a. Adults from various language backgrounds

• b. Children of preschool age and residents of Papua New Guinea

• c. Linguistics experts

• d. Bilingual speakers

7. What is the main contribution of prototype theory to vocabulary learning, according to the text?

• a. It simplifies the memorization of unrelated words.

• b. It helps learners understand word origins.

• c. It provides a hierarchical order for word memorization.

• d. It facilitates the comprehension of polysemy.

8. In the context of vocabulary learning, what do roots and affixes contribute to?

• a. Semantic categories

• b. Pronunciation rules

• c. Syntactic structures

• d. Cultural connotations

9. How are roots and affixes utilized in understanding the meanings of new words?

• a. They determine word pronunciation.

• b. They provide historical context.

• c. They help in guessing word meanings.

• d. They establish grammatical correctness.

 

10. What does the text suggest about the application of prototype theory to polysemy in English vocabulary?

• a. It worsens the problem.

• b. It provides no solution.

• c. It addresses the issue to some degree.

• d. It creates more confusion.