A form of energy that is produced by the movement of electrically charged particles travelling through a matter or vacuum or by oscillating magnetic and electric disturbance.

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The distance between two successive crests.

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The distance traveled by a crest in time.

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•A particle-like unit of electromagnetic energy (light), emitted or absorbed by an atom when an electrically charged electron changes state

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•are high-energy photons of electromagnetic radiation and can completely penetrate the human body, depositing energy and causing ionization of atoms and molecules along the photons' path.

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Another term for Bremssthralung

are produced when a projectile electron is slowed by the nuclear field of a target atom nucleus.

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Energetic electrons can also interact with other electrons occupying orbital shells, which results in X-ray photons

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provides an environment for X-ray production via Bremsstrahlung and characteristic radiation mechanisms

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•consist of two protons and two neutrons bound together into a particle identical to a helium-4 nucleus.

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