Exam 1: Muscles, bones and movement

Identify a synovial joint in the body that allows more than two types of movement (June 2019, 1 mark)

• Ball and socket

• Hinge

• Elbow

• Thumb

Complete the following statement.

The action of a biceps curl is an example of a .......................................... class lever (June 2019, 1 mark)

• First class lever

• Second class lever

• Third class lever

• All the levers

A cricket player has just caught a hard ball.

Name a bone in the hand that is at risk from injury as a result of the impact of the ball being caught (June 2019, 1 mark)

• Metacarpals

• Radius

• Ulna

• Femur

Flexion and extension are two types of movement which are involved to allow circumduction

around a joint.

Name the other three movements needed for circumduction around a joint to occur (June 2019, 3 marks)

• Abduction

• Adduction

• Rotation

• Circular

Describe the role of tendons during physical activity (June 2019, 2 marks)

• Connects muscle to bone

• Makes bones move when muscles contract

• Holds bones together

• Allows movement

Describe, using a sporting example for each, how the skeleton allows the following functions:

Protection (June 2019, 1 mark)

• Bones help to protect vital organs (e.g. cranium protects the brain in rugby)

• Bones provide a surface for tendons to attach (e.g. elbow joint moves when throwing a ball in rounders)

• Bones provide support for the body (e.g. the skeleton gives us our shape)

• Bones produce red blood cells (e.g. blood cells transport oxygen to the working muscles)

Describe, using a sporting example for each, how the skeleton allows the following functions.

Movement (June 2019, 1 mark)

• Bones help to protect vital organs (e.g. cranium protects the brain in rugby)

• Bones provide a surface for tendons to attach (e.g. elbow joint moves when throwing a ball in rounders)

• Bones provide support for the body (e.g. the skeleton gives us our shape)

• Bones produce red blood cells (e.g. blood cells transport oxygen to the working muscles)

Give a definition of a synovial joint (June 2018, 1 mark)

• Freely moveable/allow for movement

• Some movement

• No movement

• Where two bones meet

A rugby player will use their shoulder joint when making a tackle.

Name the two articulating bones in the shoulder joint that are at risk of injury during a rugby tackle (June 2018, 2 marks)

• Humerus

• Scapula

• Ulna

• Radius

Cartilage plays an important role in the skeletal system.

Assess how cartilage helps a marathon runner during performance (June 2018, 3 marks)

• Protects the knees/bones

• Acts a shock absorber

• Provides support

• Connects muscles to bones