BY 263- Final Exam ( Fall 2023)

Why are the rings of cartilage surrounding the trachea C-shaped?

• The C rings of cartilage allow the esophagus to expand during swallowing.

• The C rings of cartilage allow the trachea to change diameter during breathing.

• The C rings of cartilage keep the trachea patent (open).

• The C rings of cartilage allow the esophagus to expand during swallowing, allow the trachea to change diameter during breathing, and keep the trachea patent (open).

Air moves out of the lungs when the pressure inside the lungs is:

• less than atmospheric pressure.

• greater than atmospheric pressure.

• equal to atmospheric pressure.

• less than intrapleural pressure.

The affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen increases with:

• increased body temperature.

• increased hydrogen ion concentration.

• increased partial pressure of carbon dioxide.

• increased BPG (2, 3-bisphosphoglycerate).

What is NOT true of the effects of hypoventilation?

• carbonic acid concentration in the blood increases

• blood pH decreases

• partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO2) in the blood increases

• hydrogen ion concentration in the blood decreases

The majority of the nasal cavity is lined with:

• transitional epithelium.

• simple squamous epithelium.

• pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium.

• simple cuboidal epithelium.

Place the following parts of the cardiac conduction system in the order in which they transmit the action potential.

1. 1. atrioventricular (AV) bundle

2. 2. Purkinje fibers

3. 3. sinoatrial (SA) node

4. 4. right and left bundle branches

5. 5. contractile cells of cardiac muscle tissue

6. 6. atrioventricular (AV) node

• 3, 1, 6, 4, 2, 5

• 3, 1, 6, 4, 5, 2

• 3, 6, 1, 4, 2, 5

• 3, 6, 4, 1, 2, 5

The right and left coronary arteries receive blood from the:

• aorta

• pulmonary trunk.

• superior vena cava.

• coronary sinus

Archie has a resting heart rate of 125 beats per minute. Classify his cardiac dysrhythmia.

• tachycardia

• asystole

• bradycardia

• heart block

What valve prevents the backflow of blood from the right ventricle into the right atrium?

• tricuspid valve

• pulmonary valve

• bicuspid (mitral) valve

• aortic valve

What valve prevents the backflow of blood from the right ventricle into the right atrium?

• skeletal muscle cells.

• cardiac pacemaker cells.

• contractile cells.

• smooth muscle cells.