Biology Review 2

__ are organisms that derive carbon from organic compounds.

• Heterotrophs

• Chemotrophs

• Phototrophs

• Autotrophs

Suppose you are sampling the microbes from anaerobic sediments in a swamp and you encounter an unfamiliar bacterium. You determine that this bacterium can use the energy from chemical compounds to convert inorganic carbon, such as CO2, into organic matter for growth.

These bacteria would be classified as:

• chemoautotrophs.

• chemoheterotrophs.

• photoheterotrophs.

• photoautotrophs.

Which organisms arc considered heterotrophs?

• hydrogen bacteria only

• most bacteria and dogs

• plants only

• most bacteria only

• dogs only

The assembly of glucose molecules into polysaccharides is __ process

• a catabolic

• an anabolic

Organic molecules store_____energy in their ______ bonds.

• kinetic; covalent

• potential; covalent

• kinetic; hydrogen

• potential; ionic

• kinetic; ionic

A cougar chases its prey. Running is a form of:

• entropy.

• potential energy.

• chemical energy.

• heat loss.

• kinetic energy.

Which molecule has the greatest chemical potential energy?

• water

• glucose

• carbon dioxide

• alanine

• sodium chloride

It is often stated that the phosphate-phosphate bonds in ATP are 'high energy," but in fact, they are not notably high in energy. Rather, they are easy to break, and the LJ.G of hydrolysis is a ' useful" quantity of energy.

What makes the phosphate bonds easy to break?

• Negative charges on phosphate groups repel each other.

• Positive charges on amino groups repel each other.

• High alkalinity attacks bonds between phosphate groups.

• High acidity attacks bonds between amino acids.

• They are close to the destabilizing nitrogenous base adenosine.

The degree of disorder, or number of microstates, is called:

• potential difference.

• energy.

• ecology.

• work.

• entropy.

The second law of thermodynamics states that:

• combustion engines are I00% efficient.

• only eukaryotic cells can produce ATP.

• energy cannot be created or destroyed.

• the universe becomes more orderly over time.

• there is an increase in disorder in the universe over time.