What is the purpose of the substructure in a building?

• To receive the loads from the superstructure and transfer them safely down to a suitable load-bearing layer of ground

• To provide extra liveable space

• To retain a material on one side

• To remove existing buildings, waste, vegetation, and topsoil

Which of the following is an element of the substructure?

• Roof

• Basement

• Balcony

• Window

What is the main purpose of foundations in a substructure?

• To provide natural light

• To ensure that all dead and imposed loads are safely transmitted through to the subsoils

• To retain a material on one side

• To provide privacy

In which type of soil are pile foundations typically used?

• Granite

• Loose sand

• Silt

• Chalk

What is the purpose of trench support in modern construction?

• To remove existing buildings, waste, vegetation, and topsoil

• To prevent trenches from collapsing in on themselves

• To provide extra liveable space

• To retain a material on one side

What is the main advantage of using raft foundations?

• To provide natural light

• To withstand small settlements in the soil

• To provide privacy

• To spread the load of the heavy walls

What is the purpose of site clearance in the construction process?

• To prevent trenches from collapsing in on themselves

• To remove existing buildings, waste, vegetation, and topsoil

• To provide extra liveable space

• To retain a material on one side

What is the main purpose of retaining walls in a building's design?

• To provide privacy

• To provide natural light

• To retain a material on one side

• To spread the load of the heavy walls

What is the purpose of soil investigations in the early stages of the design process?

• To provide privacy

• To prevent trenches from collapsing in on themselves

• To gather information on the proposed site

• To remove existing buildings, waste, vegetation, and topsoil

What is the main purpose of foundation reinforcement in the construction process?

• To provide natural light

• To spread the load of the heavy walls

• To avoid cracks occurring in the foundations

• To provide privacy