2023 MWH Final Exam Prep

People limited the power of the monarchy.

• a. Yes, that's revolutionary

• b. No, that's not revolutionary!

People began to understand the laws of nature for themselves rather than by what the Roman Catholic Church and ancient scholars told them.

• Yes, that's revolutionary

• No, that's not revolutionary!

Machine power replaces muscle power in farming and manufacturing.

• a. Yes, that's revolutionary

• b. No, that's not revolutionary!

Which of the following did the Renaissance, Reformation, Scientific Revolution, and the Enlightenment promote?

• a. Truth and knowledge by revelation

• b. Government overthrow

• Hiding Knowledge

• Truth and knowledge by reason

Voltaire, A Treatise on Toleration (1763)

It does not require great art, or magnificently trained eloquence, to prove that Christians should tolerate each other. I, however, am going further: I say that we should regard all men as our brothers. What? The Turk my brother? The Chinaman my brother? The Jew? The Siam? Yes, without doubt; are we not all children of the same father and creatures of the same God?

How did the Enlightenment ideas like those of Voltaire help ignite political revolutions around the world?

• a. Enlightenment thinkers questioned absolutism and called for natural rights.

• b. Enlightenment thinkers cast doubt on the Bible and relied upon science for proof

• c. Enlightenment thinkers argued for the church to be completely unified with the king.

• d. Enlightenment thinkers called for land redistribution and the end of private property.

Voltaire, A Treatise on Toleration (1763)

It does not require great art, or magnificently trained eloquence, to prove that Christians should tolerate each other. I, however, am going further: I say that we should regard all men as our brothers. What? The Turk my brother? The Chinaman my brother? The Jew? The Siam? Yes, without doubt; are we not all children of the same father and creatures of the same God?

Which liberty is the author in support of gaining?

• Freedom of Press

• Freedom of Speech

• Freedom of Assembly

• Freedom of Religion

The following Articles are taken from the French Constitution of 1793. Answer questions 7-9 based upon the writings in the Articles.

Article 2. These rights are equality, liberty, safety and ownership of property. 

Article 4. The law is the free and solemn expression of the general will; it is the same for all men, whether it protects or punishes; it can only order what is right and useful to society; it can only forbid what is harmful to it...

Article 7. The right to express one’s thoughts and one’s opinions, whether through the press or in any other way, the right to assemble peacefully, the freedom to practise religion, cannot be prohibited. The need to state these rights assumes either the presence or the recent memory of despotism…

In Article 4 and 7, the idea of fair laws and freedom of speech and religion is a reflection of which of the following Enlightened philosopher?

• a. Hobbes

• b. Locke

• c. Voltaire

• d. Montesquieu

The following Articles are taken from the French Constitution of 1793. Answer questions 7-9 based upon the writings in the Articles.

Article 2. These rights are equality, liberty, safety and ownership of property. 

Article 4. The law is the free and solemn expression of the general will; it is the same for all men, whether it protects or punishes; it can only order what is right and useful to society; it can only forbid what is harmful to it...

Article 7. The right to express one’s thoughts and one’s opinions, whether through the press or in any other way, the right to assemble peacefully, the freedom to practise religion, cannot be prohibited. The need to state these rights assumes either the presence or the recent memory of despotism…

Article 2 reflects the philosophy of which Enlightened thinker?

• a. Locke

• b. Voltaire

• c. Smith

• d. Rousseau

The following Articles are taken from the French Constitution of 1793. Answer questions 7-9 based upon the writings in the Articles.

Article 2. These rights are equality, liberty, safety and ownership of property. 

Article 4. The law is the free and solemn expression of the general will; it is the same for all men, whether it protects or punishes; it can only order what is right and useful to society; it can only forbid what is harmful to it...

Article 7. The right to express one’s thoughts and one’s opinions, whether through the press or in any other way, the right to assemble peacefully, the freedom to practise religion, cannot be prohibited. The need to state these rights assumes either the presence or the recent memory of despotism…

The role of government is to protect the rights listed in these Articles. What would be John Locke's response to an oppressive, tyrannical government?

• a. Citizens must continue to obey the laws no matter what.

• b. Citizens should alter or abolish a government that is oppressive.

• c. Citizens should pack their bags and move to another country.

• d. Citizens must beg for help from the monarchy.

The American and French Revolutions shared the Enlightenment idea that 'the people' hold the power. Which of the following demonstrated a violation of the social contract that triggered the people to question or go against the established government in both the American Revolution and the French Revolution?

• a. Taxation without representation

• b. Lack of bread to feed the poor

• c. Foreign wars that were not supported by the people

• d. Establishment of a state religion