Lexicology

There are two main types of shortenings:

• graphical and lexical

• Irony and metaphor

• Simile and metaphor

• Irony and simile

the result of shortening of words and word-groups only in written speech while orally the corresponding full forms are used

• initialisms

• Graphical abbreviations

• conversion

• Simile

the bordering case between graphical and lexical abbreviations

• Word

• Thema

• Initialisms

• Metaphor

days of the week, e.g. Mon - Monday, Tue - Tuesday etc

b) names of months, e.g. Apr - April, Aug - August etc

There are:

• semantic syntactic

• short words

• shotr names

• graphical abbreviations

the way of word-building when some sounds are changed to form a new word.

• Sound interchange

• conversion

• Simile

• Lexicology

Blends are words formed from a word-group or two synonyms.

• abbreviation and composition.

• Stress interchange

• Sound imitation

• Back formation

the word «smog» from two synonyms :

• Smoke and fog

• Smoke and dog

• Fog

• Smoke

SOUND IMITATION:

• To give, watch, look

• Red, blue,green, white

• Walk, go, swim, drink

• to whisper, to giggle, to mumble, to sneeze, to whistle etc.

acromania (acronym mania), cinemadict (cinema adict), chunnel (channel, canal),

• Sound imitation

• Stress interchange

• Blends

• Semantic changes

The meaning of a word can change in the course of time.

• New words

• Blends

• Stress interchange

• Semantic changes