Bioenergetics: Organelles & Energy Processes

Which statement best describes both mitochondria and chloroplasts?

• A. They both contain their own RNA and are involved in transcription.

• B. They both contain their own DNA and are involved in energy conversions.

• C. They both contain their own DNA and are involved in controlling the activities of a cell.

• D. They both contain their own RNA and are involved in storage of nuclear genetic material.

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Use the lists to answer the question.

Which statement describes the most likely difference in the way that organism 1 and organism 2 obtain energy?

• A. Only organism 1 uses solar energy to make energy-rich compounds.

• B. Only organism 1 stores solar energy until it is needed for its life processes.

• C. Only organism 2 produces molecules for long-term energy storage.

• D. Only organism 2 transforms food energy into ATP during cellular respiration.

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Which statement best describes how photosynthesis and cellular respiration are related to each other?

• A. Both processes produce carbon dioxide

• B. Both processes require energy directly from the Sun

• C. Products of one process are used as some of the reactants for the other process

• D. Thermal energy from one process is used as the energy source for the other process

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Which statement best describes a relationship between mitochondria and chloroplasts?

• A. Mitochondria release chemical energy from molecules and store it in chloroplasts.

• B. Chloroplasts release chemical energy from molecules and store it in mitochondria.

• C. Mitochondria convert chemical energy into light energy that can be used by chloroplasts.

• D. Chloroplasts convert light energy into chemical energy that can be used by mitochondria.

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Which structure allows plant cells to perform photosynthesis?

• A. nucleus

• B. vacuole

• C. chloroplast

• D. mitochondrion

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Which statement best describes the role of plastids in the plant cell?

• A. Chloroplasts transform light energy into chemical energy.

• B. Mitochondria transform light energy into chemical energy.

• C. Chloroplasts transform chemical energy into electromagnetic energy.

• D. Mitochondria transform chemical energy into electromagnetic energy.

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Which statement best compares the energy transformations of photosynthesis and cellular respiration?

• A. Only photosynthesis uses oxygen to create energy.

• B. Only photosynthesis causes an increase in kinetic energy.

• C. Photosynthesis and cellular respiration both store energy in chemical bonds.

• D. Photosynthesis and cellular respiration both require chemical energy to make food.

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In order to function properly, cells must perform many reactions. Metabolism is the sum of all the chemical reactions in an organism. During metabolism, ATP

I. is broken down to fuel chemical reactions.

II. is created by chemical reactions.

III. is shuttled from one cell to another.

• III only

• I, II, and III

• I and III only

• I and II only

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In the process of photosynthesis, plant cells take in water (H2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2) and release oxygen (O2). How is this different from what takes place in the process of aerobic respiration?

• In aerobic respiration, cells take in O2 and produce CO2, H2O, and ATP.

• In aerobic respiration, cells use ATP to convert insulin into glucose and CO2.

• In aerobic respiration, O2 is inhaled and CO2 and H2O are exhaled.

• In aerobic respiration, mitochondria produce CO2 and ATP without using O2.

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Through the process of hydrolysis, cells remove phosphate groups from molecules of ATP to form molecules of ADP.

This hydrolytic reaction results in

• the breaking of low-energy bonds to produce free energy.

• the formation of high-energy bonds to store free energy.

• the formation of low-energy bonds to store free energy.

• the breaking of high-energy bonds to produce free energy.

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