1st Semester Physical Science Study Guide

Which of the following investigations can be used to identify the relationship between pressure and volume of a confined gas?

• Heating a balloon

• Placing a balloon on ice

• Popping a balloon

• Filling a balloon with water

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The periodic table can be used as a model to predict the relative properties and trends of main group elements based on:

• Patterns of valence electrons in atoms

• Patterns of protons in atoms

• Patterns of neutrons in atoms

• Patterns of electrons in the inner shells

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Which type of bond involves a complete transfer of electrons from one atom to another?

• Ionic bond

• Covalent bond

• Metallic bond

• Polar covalent bond

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What is the maximum number of bonds that can be formed by an atom of carbon?

• 1

• 2

• 3

• 4

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Which type of reaction involves the combination of a substance with oxygen?

• Acid-base reaction

• Redox reaction

• Combustion reaction

• Decomposition reaction

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True or False: According to the law of conservation of mass, atoms and mass are conserved during a simple chemical reaction.

• True

• False

Answer explanation

According to the law of conservation of mass, atoms and mass are conserved during a chemical reaction. Therefore, the correct choice is True.

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Which of the following indicators can be used to distinguish between acids and bases?

• pH paper

• Color-changing markers

• Litmus paper

• All of the above

Answer explanation

pH paper, color-changing markers, and litmus paper can all be used to distinguish between acids and bases. Therefore, the correct answer is 'All of the above'.

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Strong acids and bases:

• Have higher pH values

• Have lower pH values

• Completely dissociate in water

• Partially dissociate in water

Answer explanation

Strong acids and bases completely dissociate in water.

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In a combustion reaction, which element is typically combined with the substance being burned?

• Hydrogen

• Carbon

• Oxygen

• Nitrogen

Answer explanation

In a combustion reaction, the substance being burned typically combines with oxygen.

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Which of the following is NOT a main group element?

• Sodium

• Iron

• Chlorine

• Carbon

Answer explanation

Iron is not a main group element because it is a transition metal.

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