MitochondrialRespiration

Three carbon compound that cross the mitochondrial membrane symporting with the proton gradient

• Pyruvate

• Ubiquinol

• Iron-sulfur cluster

• Complex I

4 of these reduced molecules are produced during the complete oxidation of pyruvate input

• NADH

• FAD

• NAD+

• H2O

Reacts with the four-carbon OAA of the CAC to produce citrate

• Pyruvate dehydrogenase

• Acetyl-CoA

• Succinyl-CoA synthetase

• NAD+

CAC enzyme that produces a single ATP in muscle cells and a GTP in liver cells

• Succinyl-CoA synthetase

• Acetyl-CoA

• Iron-sulfur cluster

• Ubiquinol

Conducts electrons within the succinate dehydrogenase complex to the ubiquinone reduction site

• Iron-sulfur cluster

• NADH

• Calcium

• NAD+

Carries protons across the inner membrane from the matrix to the intermembrane space

• FAD

• Carbon dioxide

• H2O

• Ubiquinol

Covalently bound cofactor that is reduced by a hydride derived from succinate

• CAD

• NADH

• FAD

• Pyruvate dehydrogenase

_____ connects electron flow to changes in the motion of a long alpha helix to open and close H+ channels that pump protons from the matrix to the intermembrane space AND initiates proton shuttling by reducing ubiquinone

• Complex IV

• Complex I

• Complex II

• Complex III

Pathway from NADH to ATP

• Substrate-level phosphorylation

• Oxidative phosphorylation

• Photosynthesis

• Photophosphorylation

Use of light excitation of electrons to ultimately drive chemiosmosis

• Chemiosmosis

• Oxidative phosphorylation

• Photophosphorylation

• Substrate-level phosphorylation