AH Biology Midterm Practice

Sexual reproduction differs from asexual reproduction in multiple ways including its goal. While asexual reproduction has as its goal production of cellular clones, sexual reproduction produces genetic variability. Which of the processes below increases the genetic variability within sexually reproducing organisms?

• Independent assortment of chromosomes in meiosis I.

• mitosis

• crossing over

• fertilization

• replication

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS4-2

DNA replication is called semiconservative because _______________ of the original duplex appears in the duplex formed following replication.

• All

• Half

• one-fourth

• None

Down’s syndrome is one of the more common and best studied genetic disorders. Down syndrome causes a distinct facial appearance, intellectual disability, developmental delays, and may be associated with thyroid or heart disease. A karyotype from a person with Down’s Syndrome is shown below.

• Presence of two copies of each chromosome

• The presence of an extra 21st chromosome

• The presence of an X and Y chromosome together

• The absence of the 23rd chromosome pair.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

NGSS.HS-LS3-1

Which of the organelles listed below are found in plant cells but not in animal cells?

• Central vacuole

• mitochondria

• chloroplast

• nucleus

• cell wall

Based on the Punnett square shown below, what are the likely genotypes of the two parents that produced the offspring shown in the chart.

• I^AI^{A and} ii

• I^AI^A and I^Ai

• I^AI^A and I^AI^A

• I^AI and I^AI

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-1

During DNA replication, a gene became mutated as noted below.

The original gene sequence: GCT GCC ATA ATC

Gene sequence after replication: GCT GAT AAT C

What type of mutation has occurred?

• Deletion

• Insertion

• Substitution

• Inversion

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

During DNA replication, a gene became mutated as noted below.

The original gene sequence: GCT GCC ATA ATC

Gene sequence following replication: GCT CCC ATA ATC

What type of mutation has occurred?

• Deletion

• Insertion (addiiton)

• Substitution

• Inversion

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

After DNA replication, a gene has undergone mutation.

The original gene: GCT GCC ATA ATC

Gene after replication: GCT GCC ATC AAT C

What type of mutation has occurred?

• Deletion

• Insertion (addition)

• Substitution

• Inversion

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

DNA replication is often referred to as semi-conservative. Which of the following statements best explains the process of semi-conservative DNA replication?

• Both original strands of DNA are utilized to make two daughter strands of DNA that are different from the original DNA strands.

• One original strand of DNA is utilized to make two new daughter DNA strands that are different from the original DNA strand.

• Both original strands of DNA are utilized to make two genetically identical daughter DNA strands.

• One original strand of DNA is used to make two new daughter DNA strands that are genetically identical to the original DNA strand.

Which of the following diagrams accurately explains the steps of the central dogma, conversion of genetic information stored in DNA to make proteins?

• RNA--→ Transcription-→ DNA---→ REPLICATION-→ Proteins

• DNA--→ transcription-→ RNA--→ translation--→ proteins

• RNA---> TRANSLATION--→ DNA-→ transcription-→ Proteins

• DNA-→ Translation--→ proteins--→ replication---→ RNA

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1