Enlightenment and Enlightened Absolutism

Which statement would Thomas Hobbes agree?

• An absolute monarch can best guarantee law and order.

• An absolute monarch rules with the consent of his people.

• Individuals have the most freedom under an absolute monarch.

• People are basically good, and an absolute monarch protects them.

Which of the following is an ideal promoted by 18th-century French intellectuals?

• The government of a nation should be led by a tyrant.

• The actions of an individual should be based on reason.

• The beliefs of a person should be based on superstition.

• The conclusions of a person should be based on assumption.

Why did Catholic Church officials dislike Diderot's "Encylopedia"?

• They believed that the articles unfairly criticized the Church and its influence.

• The encyclopedia promoted promoted Protestant ideals and the Church feared losing support.

• They wanted more articles written about the Catholic Church instead of government.

• The encyclopedia rivaled their collection of church history being made available to the public.

How did Enlightenment philosophers view the status of women in European society?

• They wanted women to remain in their traditional roles as housekeepers.

• They believed the equality that they promoted should be extended to women.

• They believed that women should attend universities to learn how to be respectable.

• They wanted women to obtain a practical education to prepare them for employment.

Adam Smith in The Wealth of Nations describes

• Utopian Communist communities

• Democratic Republicanism

• Laissez Faire Economics

• Mercantilism as an ideal economic system

The following is associated with the view of the Philosophes

• man is created good

• there should be no capital punishment

• freedom of speech but not the press

• all of the above

Mary Wollstonecraft is associated with

• the Industrial Revolution

• the Enlightenment

• the French Revolution

• none of these

Who best represents a reasoned defense of monarchy

• John Locke

• Jean Jacques Rousseau

• Thomas Hobbes

• Rene Descartes

Which of these statements is most likely to be made by a proponent of natural law and natural rights?

• God grants monarchs the authority to rule and the duty to give people their rights.

• People are irrational, so science is useless in figuring out human behavior.

• History teaches that individual freedom is an impossible goal.

• Government does not grant rights; it protects them.

Rousseau wrote, “Man is born free, and everywhere he is in chains.” What kind of government did he favor in order to ensure greater freedom?

• an absolute monarchy

• an enlightened monarchy

• an oligarchy

• a popularly elected government