chapter 1-3

[[2]] are statements that have truth value but the truth isn’t as obvious as the truth value of

• reasoned judgements, facts

• facts, opinions

• opinions, reasoned judgements

• reasoned judgements, opinions

Personal standards, logic, opinion, subjective, objective

• standards that we believe to be true and may be more or less objective, depending on the nature of the topic and our criteria for accepting the belief

• the branch of philosophy that studies reasoning and prescribes what makes

• a subjective view about a topic that does not connect us to the truth or falsity of an objective Reality

• Dependent on a person's desires, beliefs, and biases  

• Separate from a person's desires, beliefs, and biases.  It is based on Reality and Truth, apart from a person’s perception of it 

A biologist says, “A trash can is not an elephant.”  This truth is explained by which of the following terms?

• Law of identity

• Law of excluded middle

• Law of non-contradiction

Type question here including an ​ ​ ​_ Someone having a good memory can be classified as a    virtue.  Being thorough when investigating an issue would be a    virtue.  It is important for people to try to develop , which is the ability to pay attention for a long period of time and to remain mentally aware and engaged.

• faculty

• attentiveness

• character

• creativity

• moral

While people must ultimately have some beliefs that they fundamentally accept as true, it is usually bad to display  , which is a tendency to arrogantly assert a belief without having reasons to support the belief, even when there is good evidence against it.  We might conclude, then, that when someone is forming beliefs, it is important to exercise by deliberately considering the worth of what is being told to him before he accepts it.  Not only does this help him avoid believing things, but it also helps him avoid making some _ . 

• Dogmatism

• intellectual caution

• false

• bad decisions

• faculty vices

If we're considering someone's desire for knowledge, if they are nosey, this is a vice of deficiency.

• true

• false

The police are investigating a baby that has been abducted.  Maria says, “That child is my biological son.”  Janelle says, “No, that child is my biological son.”  Assuming that the women are referring to the same child, which of the following terms explains why only one of them is correct?

• Law of non-contradiction

• 
  Law of identity

• Law of excluded middle

T/F?   Critical thinkers are motivated by a desire to be different and they are a bit paranoid so they trust no one.  Thus, they regularly analyze and question what they are told and reject what people tell them most of the time.

• true

• false

T/F?  Many people used to think that the Earth was the center of the universe.  This suggests that what lots of people accept as a fact can be false, even though they don’t think so.

• true

• false

T/F?   Critical thinkers regularly analyze and question what they are told so they make sure that they are more likely to believe what is true.

• true

• false