Review DNA, Protein Synthesis, and Mutations

What is the structure of DNA?

• Double helix

• Square shape

• Triple helix

• Single strand

What are the four nitrogenous bases found in DNA?

• Adenine, Uracil, Cytosine, Guanine

• Thymine, Uracil, Cytosine, Guanine

• Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine

• Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Adenine

Explain the process of protein synthesis.

• Protein synthesis is the process of converting carbohydrates into proteins.

• Protein synthesis involves the breakdown of proteins into amino acids.

• Protein synthesis is the process of creating DNA from RNA.

• Protein synthesis is the process by which cells make proteins through transcription and translation.

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What are the three types of RNA involved in protein synthesis?

• DNA, tRNA, rRNA

• mRNA, tRNA, rRNA

• mRNA, tRNA, DNA

• mRNA, DNA, rRNA

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What is a point mutation?

• A change in the entire DNA sequence

• A change in a single nucleotide base

• A change in multiple nucleotide bases

• A change in the number of chromosomes

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Describe the process of frameshift mutation.

• Frameshift mutation is the substitution of nucleotides in the DNA sequence, causing a shift in the reading frame.

• Frameshift mutation is the process of DNA replication being disrupted by external factors.

• Frameshift mutation is the rearrangement of nucleotides in the DNA sequence, causing a change in the genetic code.

• Frameshift mutation is the addition or deletion of nucleotides in the DNA sequence, causing a shift in the reading frame.

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What is the difference between a silent mutation and a missense mutation?

• A missense mutation always leads to a non-functional protein

• A silent mutation results in a completely different amino acid sequence

• A missense mutation has no effect on the protein produced

• A silent mutation does not result in any change to the amino acid sequence.

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NGSS.HS-LS3-2

Explain the concept of insertion mutation.

• A type of mutation where the DNA sequence is completely removed

• A type of genetic mutation where an extra nucleotide is inserted into the DNA sequence

• A type of mutation where the DNA sequence remains unchanged

• A type of mutation where the DNA sequence is duplicated

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NGSS.HS-LS3-2

What is a deletion mutation and how does it affect the DNA sequence?

• A deletion mutation adds extra DNA to the sequence

• A deletion mutation has no effect on the DNA sequence

• A deletion mutation causes a loss or deletion of a part of the DNA sequence.

• A deletion mutation changes the DNA sequence to RNA

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NGSS.HS-LS3-2

How do mutations contribute to genetic diversity?

• Mutations introduce new genetic variations

• Mutations have no impact on genetic variations

• Mutations decrease genetic variations

• Mutations only affect non-genetic traits

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