M5L5

a mental grouping of similar objects, events, ideas, or people

• concept
• judgement
• confirmation bias
• algorithm

a mental image or best example of a category

• prototype
• decision making
• hindsight bias
• Heuristic

any example of a category

• exemplar
• intuition
• Overconfidence
• availability heuristic

pursuit of a goal when the path to that goal is uncertain

• problem solving
• creativity
• insight
• incubation

A methodical, logical rule or procedure that guarantees solving a particular problem.

• algorithm
• convergent thinking
• inductive reasoning
• expertise

a simple thinking strategy that often allows us to make judgments and solve problems efficiently; usually speedier but also more error-prone than algorithms

• Heuristic
• divergent thinking
• deductive reasoning
• mental set (rigidity)

estimating the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory; if instances come readily to mind (perhaps because of their vividness), we presume such events are common

• availability heuristic
• metacognition
• judgement
• functional fixedness

judging the likelihood of things in terms of how well they seem to represent, or match, particular prototypes; may lead us to ignore other relevant information

• representativeness heuristic
• concept
• decision making
• confirmation bias

a tendency to approach a problem in a particular way esp. a way that has been successful in the past but may or may not be helpful in solving a new problem

• mental set (rigidity)
• images
• creativity
• belief perseverance

the tendency to perceive an item only in terms of its most common use

• functional fixedness
• problem solving
• convergent thinking
• insight