Cardiovascular System

What is the cardiovascular system composed of?

• • Heart and lungs

• Heart and blood vessels

• Lungs and blood vessels

• Heart and kidneys

Describe the direction of the heart's long axis

• Vertical

• Rightward

• Leftward, downward, and forward

• Horizontal

What is the size of an adult's heart?

• Size of a tennis ball

• Size of an adult's fist

• Size of a golf ball

• Size of a basketball

Where is the heart positioned in relation to the lungs?

• Anterior to the lungs

• Posterior to the lungs

• Medial to the lungs

• Lateral to the lungs

What is the function of the pericardium?

• Provide structural support to the heart

• Insulate the heart electrically

• Connect the heart and blood vessels

• All of the above

Name the three layers of the heart wall.

• Outer, middle, and inner

• Epicardium, myocardium, and endocardium

• Pericardium, myocardium, and epicardium

• Parietal, visceral, and fibrous

What is the fibrous skeleton of the heart's main function?

• Support for heart valves and vessels

• Electrical insulation

• Anchoring cardiac muscle

• All of the above

Define atrium and ventricle in the context of the heart.

• Upper and lower chambers, respectively

• Lower and upper chambers, respectively

• Chambers separated by the interatrial septum

• Chambers separated by the interventricular septum

What is the purpose of the interatrial septum?

• Support for the heart valves

• Separates atria from ventricles

• Allows blood flow between atria

• Separates the right and left atria

Explain the significance of the foramen ovale in fetal hearts.

• Connects the two ventricles

• Connects the two atria

• Connects the atria and ventricles

• Connects the pulmonary trunk and aorta