AP Bio Midterm

This model shows a cell being engulfed by a larger cell. A scientist claims that this smaller cell originated from a free-living prokaryotic cell. What evidence best supports the scientist's claim?

• The organelle has a phospholipid membrane

• The organelle has proteins in the membrane

• The organelle has a double membrane

• The organelle has an aqueous environment inside

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS4-1

The model shows a section of the plasma membrane showing a channel protein moving particles across the membrane. If a scientist were to add more of the proteins to the membrane and measure the rate of particle movement, the scientist would then be able to find if a certain particle is transported or not. This movement shown is an example of which kind of transport?

(a)  

Lysosomes play an important role in cellular activity, but its main function is to-

• cause a decrease in the synthesis of enzymes

• break down macromolecules for nutrients

• store materials

• modify and package proteins

Earlier in the year we learned about the importance of surface area to volume ratios. We understood that cells tend to "cheat" this system by finding ways to increase this surface area by using folds. Mitochondria are some of these organelles that have these folds as part of their structure. If muscle cells have a higher requirement of ATP than other cells and ATP will be synthesized withing the inner membranes of the mitochondria, then a scientist can claim that -

• the inner membrane of mitochondria should have more folds, increasing the surface area

• the intermembrane of the mitochondria should be more permeable to allow large enzymes to pass through

• the outer membrane of the mitochondria should be thicker, allowing for rapid diffuson

• the outer membrane of the mitochondria should have more folds increasing the surface area

This diagram represents a plant cell in a HYPOTONIC solution. If you notice, the vacuole is full of water making the cell exhibit turgor pressure. The cell is considered to be (a)   compares to the solution.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-3

If ATP is no longer available for this process, what is the most likely effect?

• The molecules will move in the other direction through the protein

• The molecules will continue to move through the protein but at a slower rate

• The molecules will stop moving through the protein

• The molecules will start moving through the phospholipid bilayer

The main difference between the two types of transport is the direction of the concentration gradient along with the fact that passive transport ______ require energy and active transport ______ require energy.

• does not, does not

• does not, does

• does, does

• does, does not

Three plant cells are shown. The first cell was placed in a sugar solution, the second cell was placed in pond water, and the third cell was placed in distilled water. Which statement is accurate about the observations represented in the diagram.

• Cell 1- net movement of sucrose out of the cell

  Cell 3-net movement of sucrose into the cell

• Cell 1- net movement of sucrose into the cell

  Cell 3- net movement of sucrose out of the cell

• Cell 1- net movement of water out of the cell

  Cell 3- net movement of water into the cell

• Cell 1- net movement of water into the cell

  Cell 3- net movement of water out of the cell

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS1-2

NGSS.MS-LS1-5

Mitochondria are effective because of the flaps in their inner membrane. If a mutation changes these flats into flat smooth surfaces then the mitochondria -

• becomes more efficient since more ions will go though

• becomes more efficient because the volume of the mitochondria increases

• become less efficient because the mitochondria is less permeable to large molecules

• becomes less effective because the surface area will decrease

STRUCTURE=FUNCTION. Nature has selected the "best" format for cells and organelles. If there happens to be a change, more than likely it will have a negative effect on its main purpose. Got it?

• yes

• no

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1