Mr. T Chem Big Quiz Study Guide

Dalton incorporated a number of observations about elements as he developed his model of the atom. Which of these observations contributed to Dalton’s model?

• Several different elements can have very similar chemical properties.

• Most of the elements exist as solid materials under normal conditions on Earth.

• A pair of elements can form several compounds that are composed of different ratios of the elements.

• Compounds made up of two elements can have properties that are very different from either element.

The natural isotope abundance of strontium is shown on the table. What is the average atomic mass of strontium?

• 86.3 amu

• 86.5 amu

• 87.2 amu

• 87.7 amu

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Sodium (Na) and potassium (K) are in the same group on the periodic table. Based on their locations, which statement about sodium and potassium is true?

• Sodium is less electronegative than potassium.

• Sodium has fewer orbital shells than potassium.

• Sodium has a larger ionic radius than potassium.

• Sodium has lower ionization energy than potassium.

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The atomic number of aluminum is 13. What is the correct designation of the electron configuration of aluminum?

• 1s2 1p6 2s2 2p1

• 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s3

• 1s2 2s2 2p6 2d3

• 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p1

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What is the electron configuration of this atom?

• 1s2 2s8 3s8 4s1

• 1s2 2s2 2p6 3d8 4s1

• 1s2 2s2 2p6 2d8 3s1

• 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s1

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A neutral chlorine (Cl) atom contains 17 protons and 18 neutrons. How many electrons are there in a chlorine ion (Cl-)?

• 17

• 18

• 34

• 35

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This illustration represents Rutherford’s observations from his gold foil experiment. Alpha particles approached the foil at high velocity. As shown, most passed through the foil but some were deflected. What is one of Rutherford’s conclusions based on these observations?

• Atoms are more massive than previous experiments had indicated.

• The outer part of the atom is negatively charged and deflects the incoming particles.

• The atomic nucleus is dense enough to exert a gravitational effect on the particles.

• The nucleus of the atom has a concentrated positive charge that repels alpha particles.

Which element has 2 electrons in the outermost energy level?

• cesium (Cs)

• magnesium (Mg)

• boron (B)

• argon (Ar)

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J. J. Thomson used a cathode-ray tube to calculate the charge-to-mass ratio of the electron. Which of these suggested the presence of a negative particle?

• the speed the cathode ray traveled through the tube

• the speed the cathode ray traveled based on the molecular weight

• the amount of deflection of the cathode ray toward the negatively-charged plate

• the amount of deflection of the cathode ray toward the positively-charged plate

Chlorine is a highly reactive element. It tends to gain one electron to become more stable. How does gaining one electron make chlorine more stable?

• Stability is increased with greater mass.

• Mobility is reduced in atoms with extra electrons.

• The outer energy level becomes the same as a noble gas.

• The most stable ratio of electrons to protons is achieved.

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