Exam Jam Review: Cells + Genetics

The cell membrane, or plasma membrane, is made up of a lipid bilayer in which hydrophilic heads face outward and hydrophobic tails face inward. The structure of the cell membrane allows it to

• Fuse with ribosomes during DNA replication

• Absorb water from the cytoplasm whenever necessary

• Prevent all viral and bacterial infections

• Control the movement of substances into and out of the cell

Which is found only in eukaryotic cells?

• Plasma membrane

• Cytoplasm

• DNA

• Mitochondria

Which of the following is present in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

• Mitochondria

• Ribosomes

• Lysosomes

• Chloroplasts

Both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells possess DNA and engage in genetic proceses. Which of the following is true of their cellular genetics?

• Eukaryotic DNA is linear, whereas most prokaryotic DNA is circular.

• Eukaryotic cells generally require fewer genes to operate than prokaryotic cells.

• Eukaryotic and prokaryotic DNA use different genetic codes (i.e. nucleotides)

• Prokaryotic DNA cannot be translated into proteins because of the lack of a nucleus

The mitochondria of eukaryotic cells release energy from glucose molecules through the process of cellular respiration. Before cellular respiration can occur, however, glucose from another part of the cell must be transported to the mitochondria.

Where in a plant cell is glucose produced?

• In the chloroplasts

• In the vacuoles

• In the nucleus

• In the ribosoomes

In the above diagram of a plant cell, what is the function of structure 3?

• Captures energy from the Sun and makes food through photosynthesis

• Serves as the control center of the cell and contains the cell's genetic information

• Provides structural support to the cell

• Serves a variety of secretory, excretory, and storage roles

What will most likely be the result if all of the mitochondria are removed from a plant cell?

• It will be unable to complete photosynthesis

• It will break down the ribosomes

• It will be unable to carry out cellular respiration

• It will lose water through osmosis

In the above diagram of an animal cell, what is the name of structure 3?

• Cell Wall

• Cytoplasm

• Cell Membrane

• Nucleus

Plant and animal cells are both eukaryotic, and thus they are similar in many ways. However, plant cells have some structures that are not present in animal cells. Which of the following structures are not found in animal cells?

• Cell wall, chloroplasts, and a large vacuole

• Chloroplasts, a large vacuole, mitochondria

• Cell Wall, ribosomes

• Chloroplasts, cell membrane, ribosoomes

In the following diagram of an animal cell, what is the function of organelle 4?

• To collect, package, and distribute molecules produced by the cell

• To supply the cell with energy in the form of ATP through the process of cellular respiration

• To store ions, create and store steroids and synthesize and package proteins

• To aid in protein synthesis by joining amino acids together to form polypeptides