Science semester exam review

The energy related to the motion of an object is called —

• potential energy

• kinetic energy

• electrical energy

• chemical energy

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NGSS.MS-PS3-1

NGSS.MS-PS3-5

Two Great Snipe birds are migrating. Both birds have a mass of 100 grams and are flying at 90 kilometers per hour. Bird R is flying 2.0 km above the ground, and Bird Q is flying 2.5 km above the ground.

Based on the information above, which statement best describes the energy of the two birds?

• Bird Q and Bird R have the same kinetic energy and potential energy.

• Bird Q and Bird R have the same kinetic energy but different potential energy.

• Bird Q and Bird R have no kinetic energy but have the same potential energy.

• Bird Q and Bird R have the same potential energy but different kinetic energy.

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NGSS.MS-PS3-1

NGSS.MS-PS3-2

According to the above diagram, at what point would the roller coaster car have the greatest potential energy?

• 3

• 4

• 5

• 6

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NGSS.MS-PS3-2

According to the above diagram, at what point would the roller coaster car have the greatest kinetic energy?

• 3

• 4

• 5

• 6

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NGSS.MS-PS3-1

A student drops a super bouncy ball from their hand.

• Identify points of greatest and least kinetic energy.

• Identify points of greatest and least potential energy.

• Explain how the energy is changing types of energy from one point to the next and why the ball has that type of energy.

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NGSS.MS-PS3-1

NGSS.MS-PS3-2

NGSS.MS-PS3-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-5

A rock that falls off a cliff represents both potential and kinetic energy. Which statement best represents the energy transformation involved in this scenario?

• As the potential energy decreases, the kinetic energy decreases.

• As the potential energy increases, the kinetic energy increases.

• As the potential energy decreases, the kinetic energy increases.

• As the potential energy increases, the kinetic energy stays the same.

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NGSS.MS-PS3-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-5

The graph below shows the position of a moving object from 0 to 5 seconds.

According to the above information and graph, which of the following statements is true for the moving object?

• The moving object is accelerating and changing its speed throughout the measurement.

  
  

• The moving object is traveling at a constant speed throughout the measurement.

  
  

• The moving object is slowing down and finally stops at the 5 second mark.

  
  

• The distance the moving object travels is the same for each second.

  
  

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NGSS.MS-PS3-1

A ball is given a single push up an inclined plane as shown below.

Which of the following will NOT change as a result of the unbalanced force of gravity?

• Position

• Speed

• Mass

• Direction

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NGSS.MS-PS2-1

NGSS.MS-PS2-2

NGSS.MS-PS2-4

An oceanographer is studying the feeding patterns of sharks hunting fish in the Atlantic Ocean. The shark is traveling 5.5 m/s in a northeast direction for 30 seconds before turning and following the fish at 4.0 m/s in the southeast direction for 20 seconds.

Which statement could the oceanographer use to best describe the shark’s motion?

• The shark experienced balanced forces by changing its speed from 5.5 m/s to 4.0 m/s after turning.

• The shark experienced unbalanced forces by maintaining a speed of 5.5 m/s for 30 seconds.

• The shark experienced balanced forces in the form of acceleration, change in speed, and change in direction.

• The shark experienced unbalanced forces in the form of acceleration, change in speed, and change in direction.

A student hit a high fly ball over second base in a championship softball game.

As the ball rises in the air, it is acted on by the force of gravity.

This force causes the ball to —

• slow down, change direction, and then speed up until it falls to the ground

• speed up, keep its same direction, and then slow down as it falls to the ground

• travel at the same speed until it hits the ground

• travel in the same direction until it hits the ground

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NGSS.MS-PS2-2

NGSS.MS-PS2-4