If you’re new to chess, don’t despair. Everyone can learn to play a passable game of chess, and after you come on-board (no pun intended!), it’s just a matter of time until you find someone you can play well against. One player uses white pieces, and the other uses black. Each player gets 16 pieces to maneuver (although, technically, pawns aren’t pieces, but I’ll get to that). Players take turns moving one piece at a time, with the ultimate objective of checkmating their opponent’s king. Because chess has so many great rules and because the pieces all exercise their individuality with different moves and abilities, the game has lots of interesting nuances that you’ll want to keep in mind as you play. I cover each aspect of the game in this book, so if you’re a novice, you’ll find sufficient information to get acquainted with chess; Components of a chess game can be broken down into categories that are so fundamental that they’re referred to as elements. The element of time, known as development, is one example. The element of force, known as material, is another. The elements are all a part of what drives a game to the desired end result: checkmate. If the king is attacked and can’t escape the attack, the aggressor has secured checkmate, and the game is over. However, checkmate doesn’t always come to fruition — sometimes a game ends in stalemate, which is one way to draw. You can also have a situation called check, which is an attack on the king. check can actually happen several times in a game, and if your opponent can effectively escape from check, you may just be wasting your time. The militaristic character of chess is undeniable, but it also holds appeal for the confirmed peacenik. Although many of the strategies of war apply equally well to chess (divide and conquer, for example), many people gain ascetic pleasure from playing or watching a well-played game. Well-known patterns can appear with an unexpected twist and delight the observer. At an advanced level, you’ll discover harmonies that lie just below the surface of the moves, and a move that breaks that harmony will feel as discordant as an off-key note in music. So take heart, consider the information this book provides, and allow yourself to get comfortable with the pieces, their powers, and all the exciting aspects of this strategic, creative game. Q) Select the best completion of the sentence from among the given choices.

No chess gene decides who can and can’t play; take my word for it.

No chess jeans decides who can and can’t play; take my word for it.

No chess gene decides whom can and can’t play; take my word for it.

If you’re new to chess, don’t despair. Everyone can learn to play a passable game of chess, and after you come on-board (no pun intended!), it’s just a matter of time until you find someone you can play well against. One player uses white pieces, and the other uses black. Each player gets 16 pieces to maneuver (although, technically, pawns aren’t pieces, but I’ll get to that). Players take turns moving one piece at a time, with the ultimate objective of checkmating their opponent’s king. Because chess has so many great rules and because the pieces all exercise their individuality with different moves and abilities, the game has lots of interesting nuances that you’ll want to keep in mind as you play. I cover each aspect of the game in this book, so if you’re a novice, you’ll find sufficient information to get acquainted with chess; Components of a chess game can be broken down into categories that are so fundamental that they’re referred to as elements. The element of time, known as development, is one example. The element of force, known as material, is another. The elements are all a part of what drives a game to the desired end result: checkmate. If the king is attacked and can’t escape the attack, the aggressor has secured checkmate, and the game is over. However, checkmate doesn’t always come to fruition — sometimes a game ends in stalemate, which is one way to draw. You can also have a situation called check, which is an attack on the king. check can actually happen several times in a game, and if your opponent can effectively escape from check, you may just be wasting your time. The militaristic character of chess is undeniable, but it also holds appeal for the confirmed peacenik. Although many of the strategies of war apply equally well to chess (divide and conquer, for example), many people gain ascetic pleasure from playing or watching a well-played game. Well-known patterns can appear with an unexpected twist and delight the observer. At an advanced level, you’ll discover harmonies that lie just below the surface of the moves, and a move that breaks that harmony will feel as discordant as an off-key note in music. So take heart, consider the information this book provides, and allow yourself to get comfortable with the pieces, their powers, and all the exciting aspects of this strategic, creative game. Q) Select the best completion of the sentence from among the given choices.

Chess, simply stated, is a board game for two

Chess, simply stated, is a board game for too

Chess, simply stated, is a bored game for too

Chess, simply stated, is a bored game for two

If you’re new to chess, don’t despair. Everyone can learn to play a passable game of chess, and after you come on-board (no pun intended!), it’s just a matter of time until you find someone you can play well against. One player uses white pieces, and the other uses black. Each player gets 16 pieces to maneuver (although, technically, pawns aren’t pieces, but I’ll get to that). Players take turns moving one piece at a time, with the ultimate objective of checkmating their opponent’s king. Because chess has so many great rules and because the pieces all exercise their individuality with different moves and abilities, the game has lots of interesting nuances that you’ll want to keep in mind as you play. I cover each aspect of the game in this book, so if you’re a novice, you’ll find sufficient information to get acquainted with chess; Components of a chess game can be broken down into categories that are so fundamental that they’re referred to as elements. The element of time, known as development, is one example. The element of force, known as material, is another. The elements are all a part of what drives a game to the desired end result: checkmate. If the king is attacked and can’t escape the attack, the aggressor has secured checkmate, and the game is over. However, checkmate doesn’t always come to fruition — sometimes a game ends in stalemate, which is one way to draw. You can also have a situation called check, which is an attack on the king. check can actually happen several times in a game, and if your opponent can effectively escape from check, you may just be wasting your time. The militaristic character of chess is undeniable, but it also holds appeal for the confirmed peacenik. Although many of the strategies of war apply equally well to chess (divide and conquer, for example), many people gain ascetic pleasure from playing or watching a well-played game. Well-known patterns can appear with an unexpected twist and delight the observer. At an advanced level, you’ll discover harmonies that lie just below the surface of the moves, and a move that breaks that harmony will feel as discordant as an off-key note in music. So take heart, consider the information this book provides, and allow yourself to get comfortable with the pieces, their powers, and all the exciting aspects of this strategic, creative game. Q) Select the best completion of the sentence from among the given choices.

if you already know how to play but want to hone your prowess, you’ll find plenty of information to help you do just that.

if you already know how to play but want to hone your prowess, one can find plenty of information to help you do just that.

if you already know how to play but want to hone your prowess, you find plenty of information to help you do just that.

if you already know how to play but want to hone your prowess, one finding plenty of information to help you do just that.

If you’re new to chess, don’t despair. Everyone can learn to play a passable game of chess, and after you come on-board (no pun intended!), it’s just a matter of time until you find someone you can play well against. One player uses white pieces, and the other uses black. Each player gets 16 pieces to maneuver (although, technically, pawns aren’t pieces, but I’ll get to that). Players take turns moving one piece at a time, with the ultimate objective of checkmating their opponent’s king. Because chess has so many great rules and because the pieces all exercise their individuality with different moves and abilities, the game has lots of interesting nuances that you’ll want to keep in mind as you play. I cover each aspect of the game in this book, so if you’re a novice, you’ll find sufficient information to get acquainted with chess; Components of a chess game can be broken down into categories that are so fundamental that they’re referred to as elements. The element of time, known as development, is one example. The element of force, known as material, is another. The elements are all a part of what drives a game to the desired end result: checkmate. If the king is attacked and can’t escape the attack, the aggressor has secured checkmate, and the game is over. However, checkmate doesn’t always come to fruition — sometimes a game ends in stalemate, which is one way to draw. You can also have a situation called check, which is an attack on the king. check can actually happen several times in a game, and if your opponent can effectively escape from check, you may just be wasting your time. The militaristic character of chess is undeniable, but it also holds appeal for the confirmed peacenik. Although many of the strategies of war apply equally well to chess (divide and conquer, for example), many people gain ascetic pleasure from playing or watching a well-played game. Well-known patterns can appear with an unexpected twist and delight the observer. At an advanced level, you’ll discover harmonies that lie just below the surface of the moves, and a move that breaks that harmony will feel as discordant as an off-key note in music. So take heart, consider the information this book provides, and allow yourself to get comfortable with the pieces, their powers, and all the exciting aspects of this strategic, creative game. Q) Select the best sentence from among the given choices.

If one player deploys more force more quickly than the other player, it may be impossible for the latter player to defend against a subsequent invasion.

If one player deploys more force more quick than the other player, it may be impossible for the later player to defend against a subsequent invasion.

If one player deploys more force more quick than the other player, it may be impossible for the latter player to defend against a subsequent invasion.

If one player deploys more force more quickly than the other player, it may be impossible for the later player to defend against a subsequent invasion.

If you’re new to chess, don’t despair. Everyone can learn to play a passable game of chess, and after you come on-board (no pun intended!), it’s just a matter of time until you find someone you can play well against. One player uses white pieces, and the other uses black. Each player gets 16 pieces to maneuver (although, technically, pawns aren’t pieces, but I’ll get to that). Players take turns moving one piece at a time, with the ultimate objective of checkmating their opponent’s king. Because chess has so many great rules and because the pieces all exercise their individuality with different moves and abilities, the game has lots of interesting nuances that you’ll want to keep in mind as you play. I cover each aspect of the game in this book, so if you’re a novice, you’ll find sufficient information to get acquainted with chess; Components of a chess game can be broken down into categories that are so fundamental that they’re referred to as elements. The element of time, known as development, is one example. The element of force, known as material, is another. The elements are all a part of what drives a game to the desired end result: checkmate. If the king is attacked and can’t escape the attack, the aggressor has secured checkmate, and the game is over. However, checkmate doesn’t always come to fruition — sometimes a game ends in stalemate, which is one way to draw. You can also have a situation called check, which is an attack on the king. check can actually happen several times in a game, and if your opponent can effectively escape from check, you may just be wasting your time. The militaristic character of chess is undeniable, but it also holds appeal for the confirmed peacenik. Although many of the strategies of war apply equally well to chess (divide and conquer, for example), many people gain ascetic pleasure from playing or watching a well-played game. Well-known patterns can appear with an unexpected twist and delight the observer. At an advanced level, you’ll discover harmonies that lie just below the surface of the moves, and a move that breaks that harmony will feel as discordant as an off-key note in music. So take heart, consider the information this book provides, and allow yourself to get comfortable with the pieces, their powers, and all the exciting aspects of this strategic, creative game. Q) Select the best completion of the sentence from among the given choices.

One thing to note, however, is that placing your opponent in check doesn’t necessarily mean you’ll win

One thing to note however is that placing your opponent in check doesn’t necessarily mean you’ll win

One thing to note however is that placing your proponent in check doesn’t necessarily mean you’ll win

One thing to note, however, is that placing your opponent in check doesn’t not necessarily mean you’ll win

If you’re new to chess, don’t despair. Everyone can learn to play a passable game of chess, and after you come on-board (no pun intended!), it’s just a matter of time until you find someone you can play well against. One player uses white pieces, and the other uses black. Each player gets 16 pieces to maneuver (although, technically, pawns aren’t pieces, but I’ll get to that). Players take turns moving one piece at a time, with the ultimate objective of checkmating their opponent’s king. Because chess has so many great rules and because the pieces all exercise their individuality with different moves and abilities, the game has lots of interesting nuances that you’ll want to keep in mind as you play. I cover each aspect of the game in this book, so if you’re a novice, you’ll find sufficient information to get acquainted with chess; Components of a chess game can be broken down into categories that are so fundamental that they’re referred to as elements. The element of time, known as development, is one example. The element of force, known as material, is another. The elements are all a part of what drives a game to the desired end result: checkmate. If the king is attacked and can’t escape the attack, the aggressor has secured checkmate, and the game is over. However, checkmate doesn’t always come to fruition — sometimes a game ends in stalemate, which is one way to draw. You can also have a situation called check, which is an attack on the king. check can actually happen several times in a game, and if your opponent can effectively escape from check, you may just be wasting your time. The militaristic character of chess is undeniable, but it also holds appeal for the confirmed peacenik. Although many of the strategies of war apply equally well to chess (divide and conquer, for example), many people gain ascetic pleasure from playing or watching a well-played game. Well-known patterns can appear with an unexpected twist and delight the observer. At an advanced level, you’ll discover harmonies that lie just below the surface of the moves, and a move that breaks that harmony will feel as discordant as an off-key note in music. So take heart, consider the information this book provides, and allow yourself to get comfortable with the pieces, their powers, and all the exciting aspects of this strategic, creative game. Q) Select the best sentence from among the given choices.

Besides, unlike real warfare, the worst you’ll suffer in your chess career is a bruised ego.

Beside, unlike real warfare, the worst you’ll suffer in your chess career is a bruised ego.

Beside, unlike real warfare, the worst your suffer in your chess career is a bruised ego.

Besides, unlike real warfare the worst you’re suffer in your chess career is a bruised ego.

The exciting thing is that science now provides evidence for what works and what doesn’t. Training your brain no longer has to be a case of trial and error. With 100 billion cells, your brain is like the CEO of a giant corporation. How can something so small have so much responsibility? Brain training is a growing area of interest, both in research and in the public mind. Exciting emerging evidence indicates that you can train your brain and, as a result, change your circumstances. But what works and what doesn’t? Can everyone benefit from brain training? Although you may have heard that you’re stuck with the brain you have, scientific research has now found that this isn’t true! You’re probably familiar with the left brain and the right brain. Well, it’s true that the brain is made up of left and right hemispheres, which do have different functions. However, the idea that some people are only left-brainers and others are only right-brainers isn’t entirely true. For example, language skills are located in the left hemisphere and everyone uses this part of the brain! You don’t need to hide behind the excuse that you’re a right-brainer so you can’t do math calculations. With the activities included in this book, you can get both halves of your brain working at their optimum levels. When you train one part of the brain, the whole brain benefits. You can think of the brain like an orchestra or a sports team. The message is the same — one star player can’t carry the rest of the team. Mental health refers to your state of being. Are you happy? When do you find yourself frustrated? Do you feel stressed out? What makes you feel anxious? These questions are important in determining how well your brain functions, so make sure you pay attention to your mental health. Don’t take your passions and hobbies for granted. Discover how they can make your brain more creative. A more creative brain is a smarter brain. Getting swept into myriad things that demand your attention on a daily basis is easy. Yet, in this ever-demanding environment, finding time to quiet your brain and create a space for contemplation is increasingly important” Q) Select the best sentence from among the given choices.

You want your brain to work at its best, whether you want to stay sharp to keep up with your children or to excel at your work.

You want your brain to work at its best, whether you want to stay sharp to keep up with your children or to excel at you’re work.

You want your brain to work at its best, whether you want to stay sharp to keep up with your children or to Excel at you’re work.

You want your brains to work at its best, whether you want to stay sharp to keep up with your children or to Excel at your work.

The exciting thing is that science now provides evidence for what works and what doesn’t. Training your brain no longer has to be a case of trial and error. With 100 billion cells, your brain is like the CEO of a giant corporation. How can something so small have so much responsibility? Brain training is a growing area of interest, both in research and in the public mind. Exciting emerging evidence indicates that you can train your brain and, as a result, change your circumstances. But what works and what doesn’t? Can everyone benefit from brain training? Although you may have heard that you’re stuck with the brain you have, scientific research has now found that this isn’t true! You’re probably familiar with the left brain and the right brain. Well, it’s true that the brain is made up of left and right hemispheres, which do have different functions. However, the idea that some people are only left-brainers and others are only right-brainers isn’t entirely true. For example, language skills are located in the left hemisphere and everyone uses this part of the brain! You don’t need to hide behind the excuse that you’re a right-brainer so you can’t do math calculations. With the activities included in this book, you can get both halves of your brain working at their optimum levels. When you train one part of the brain, the whole brain benefits. You can think of the brain like an orchestra or a sports team. The message is the same — one star player can’t carry the rest of the team. Mental health refers to your state of being. Are you happy? When do you find yourself frustrated? Do you feel stressed out? What makes you feel anxious? These questions are important in determining how well your brain functions, so make sure you pay attention to your mental health. Don’t take your passions and hobbies for granted. Discover how they can make your brain more creative. A more creative brain is a smarter brain. Getting swept into myriad things that demand your attention on a daily basis is easy. Yet, in this ever-demanding environment, finding time to quiet your brain and create a space for contemplation is increasingly important” Q) Select the best sentence from among the given choices.

The brain weighs a mere three pounds, yet it’s responsible for the smooth running of your whole body.

The brain weighs a mere three pounds, yet its responsible for the smooth running of your whole body.

The brain weighs a mere three pounds, yet its responsible for the smooth running of your hole body.

The brain weighs a mere three pounds, yet it’s responsible for the smooth running of your hole body.

The exciting thing is that science now provides evidence for what works and what doesn’t. Training your brain no longer has to be a case of trial and error. With 100 billion cells, your brain is like the CEO of a giant corporation. How can something so small have so much responsibility? Brain training is a growing area of interest, both in research and in the public mind. Exciting emerging evidence indicates that you can train your brain and, as a result, change your circumstances. But what works and what doesn’t? Can everyone benefit from brain training? Although you may have heard that you’re stuck with the brain you have, scientific research has now found that this isn’t true! You’re probably familiar with the left brain and the right brain. Well, it’s true that the brain is made up of left and right hemispheres, which do have different functions. However, the idea that some people are only left-brainers and others are only right-brainers isn’t entirely true. For example, language skills are located in the left hemisphere and everyone uses this part of the brain! You don’t need to hide behind the excuse that you’re a right-brainer so you can’t do math calculations. With the activities included in this book, you can get both halves of your brain working at their optimum levels. When you train one part of the brain, the whole brain benefits. You can think of the brain like an orchestra or a sports team. The message is the same — one star player can’t carry the rest of the team. Mental health refers to your state of being. Are you happy? When do you find yourself frustrated? Do you feel stressed out? What makes you feel anxious? These questions are important in determining how well your brain functions, so make sure you pay attention to your mental health. Don’t take your passions and hobbies for granted. Discover how they can make your brain more creative. A more creative brain is a smarter brain. Getting swept into myriad things that demand your attention on a daily basis is easy. Yet, in this ever-demanding environment, finding time to quiet your brain and create a space for contemplation is increasingly important” Q) Select the best sentence from among the given choices.

This understanding gives you the foundation for knowing how to best train your brain.

This understanding gives you the foundation for know how to best train your brain.

This understanding gives you the foundation for knowing how to best training your brain.

This understanding gives you the foundation for know how to best training your brain.

The exciting thing is that science now provides evidence for what works and what doesn’t. Training your brain no longer has to be a case of trial and error. With 100 billion cells, your brain is like the CEO of a giant corporation. How can something so small have so much responsibility? Brain training is a growing area of interest, both in research and in the public mind. Exciting emerging evidence indicates that you can train your brain and, as a result, change your circumstances. But what works and what doesn’t? Can everyone benefit from brain training? Although you may have heard that you’re stuck with the brain you have, scientific research has now found that this isn’t true! You’re probably familiar with the left brain and the right brain. Well, it’s true that the brain is made up of left and right hemispheres, which do have different functions. However, the idea that some people are only left-brainers and others are only right-brainers isn’t entirely true. For example, language skills are located in the left hemisphere and everyone uses this part of the brain! You don’t need to hide behind the excuse that you’re a right-brainer so you can’t do math calculations. With the activities included in this book, you can get both halves of your brain working at their optimum levels. When you train one part of the brain, the whole brain benefits. You can think of the brain like an orchestra or a sports team. The message is the same — one star player can’t carry the rest of the team. Mental health refers to your state of being. Are you happy? When do you find yourself frustrated? Do you feel stressed out? What makes you feel anxious? These questions are important in determining how well your brain functions, so make sure you pay attention to your mental health. Don’t take your passions and hobbies for granted. Discover how they can make your brain more creative. A more creative brain is a smarter brain. Getting swept into myriad things that demand your attention on a daily basis is easy. Yet, in this ever-demanding environment, finding time to quiet your brain and create a space for contemplation is increasingly important” Q) Select the best sentence from among the given choices.

People who use their brains more efficiently tend to have better jobs, better relationships, and more happy and fulfilling lives.

People whom use their brains more efficiently tend to have better jobs, better relationships, and more happy and fulfilling lives.

People whom use their brain more efficiently tend to have better jobs, better relationships, and more happy and fulfilling lives.

People who use their brain more efficiently tend to have better jobs, better relationships, and more happy and fulfilling lives.

The exciting thing is that science now provides evidence for what works and what doesn’t. Training your brain no longer has to be a case of trial and error. With 100 billion cells, your brain is like the CEO of a giant corporation. How can something so small have so much responsibility? Brain training is a growing area of interest, both in research and in the public mind. Exciting emerging evidence indicates that you can train your brain and, as a result, change your circumstances. But what works and what doesn’t? Can everyone benefit from brain training? Although you may have heard that you’re stuck with the brain you have, scientific research has now found that this isn’t true! You’re probably familiar with the left brain and the right brain. Well, it’s true that the brain is made up of left and right hemispheres, which do have different functions. However, the idea that some people are only left-brainers and others are only right-brainers isn’t entirely true. For example, language skills are located in the left hemisphere and everyone uses this part of the brain! You don’t need to hide behind the excuse that you’re a right-brainer so you can’t do math calculations. With the activities included in this book, you can get both halves of your brain working at their optimum levels. When you train one part of the brain, the whole brain benefits. You can think of the brain like an orchestra or a sports team. The message is the same — one star player can’t carry the rest of the team. Mental health refers to your state of being. Are you happy? When do you find yourself frustrated? Do you feel stressed out? What makes you feel anxious? These questions are important in determining how well your brain functions, so make sure you pay attention to your mental health. Don’t take your passions and hobbies for granted. Discover how they can make your brain more creative. A more creative brain is a smarter brain. Getting swept into myriad things that demand your attention on a daily basis is easy. Yet, in this ever-demanding environment, finding time to quiet your brain and create a space for contemplation is increasingly important” Q) Select the best sentence from among the given choices.

The different parts of the brain don’t work in isolation; they work together as a team.

The different parts of the brain don’t work in isolation, they work together as a team.

The different parts of the brain don’t work in isolation they work together as a team.

The different part of the brain don’t work in isolation; they work together as a team.

The exciting thing is that science now provides evidence for what works and what doesn’t. Training your brain no longer has to be a case of trial and error. With 100 billion cells, your brain is like the CEO of a giant corporation. How can something so small have so much responsibility? Brain training is a growing area of interest, both in research and in the public mind. Exciting emerging evidence indicates that you can train your brain and, as a result, change your circumstances. But what works and what doesn’t? Can everyone benefit from brain training? Although you may have heard that you’re stuck with the brain you have, scientific research has now found that this isn’t true! You’re probably familiar with the left brain and the right brain. Well, it’s true that the brain is made up of left and right hemispheres, which do have different functions. However, the idea that some people are only left-brainers and others are only right-brainers isn’t entirely true. For example, language skills are located in the left hemisphere and everyone uses this part of the brain! You don’t need to hide behind the excuse that you’re a right-brainer so you can’t do math calculations. With the activities included in this book, you can get both halves of your brain working at their optimum levels. When you train one part of the brain, the whole brain benefits. You can think of the brain like an orchestra or a sports team. The message is the same — one star player can’t carry the rest of the team. Mental health refers to your state of being. Are you happy? When do you find yourself frustrated? Do you feel stressed out? What makes you feel anxious? These questions are important in determining how well your brain functions, so make sure you pay attention to your mental health. Don’t take your passions and hobbies for granted. Discover how they can make your brain more creative. A more creative brain is a smarter brain. Getting swept into myriad things that demand your attention on a daily basis is easy. Yet, in this ever-demanding environment, finding time to quiet your brain and create a space for contemplation is increasingly important” Q) Select the best sentence from among the given choices.

Doing so can make the difference between living a fulfilled life and living a frustrated one.

Do so can make the difference between living a fulfilled life and living a frustrated one.

Doing so can make the difference among living a fulfilled life and living a frustrated one.

Doing so can make the difference amongst living a fulfilled life and living a frustrated one.

The exciting thing is that science now provides evidence for what works and what doesn’t. Training your brain no longer has to be a case of trial and error. With 100 billion cells, your brain is like the CEO of a giant corporation. How can something so small have so much responsibility? Brain training is a growing area of interest, both in research and in the public mind. Exciting emerging evidence indicates that you can train your brain and, as a result, change your circumstances. But what works and what doesn’t? Can everyone benefit from brain training? Although you may have heard that you’re stuck with the brain you have, scientific research has now found that this isn’t true! You’re probably familiar with the left brain and the right brain. Well, it’s true that the brain is made up of left and right hemispheres, which do have different functions. However, the idea that some people are only left-brainers and others are only right-brainers isn’t entirely true. For example, language skills are located in the left hemisphere and everyone uses this part of the brain! You don’t need to hide behind the excuse that you’re a right-brainer so you can’t do math calculations. With the activities included in this book, you can get both halves of your brain working at their optimum levels. When you train one part of the brain, the whole brain benefits. You can think of the brain like an orchestra or a sports team. The message is the same — one star player can’t carry the rest of the team. Mental health refers to your state of being. Are you happy? When do you find yourself frustrated? Do you feel stressed out? What makes you feel anxious? These questions are important in determining how well your brain functions, so make sure you pay attention to your mental health. Don’t take your passions and hobbies for granted. Discover how they can make your brain more creative. A more creative brain is a smarter brain. Getting swept into myriad things that demand your attention on a daily basis is easy. Yet, in this ever-demanding environment, finding time to quiet your brain and create a space for contemplation is increasingly important” Q) Select the best sentence from among the given choices.

Whether you’re a music lover, a budding writer, or a person with dozens of other interests, you can choose from a range of activities to help your brain.

Weather you’re a music lover, a budding writer, or a person with dozens of other interests, you can chose from a range of activities to help your brain.

Whether you’re a music lover, a budding writer, or a person with dozens of other interests, you can chose from a range of activities to help your brain.

Weather you’re a music lover, a budding writer, or a person with dozens of other interests, you can choose from a range of activities to help your brain.

In both your personal and professional lives, you may occasionally find cause to write complaints. When that happens, you get much better results if you do it well. A written complaint offers a great demonstration of how to use the planning process. You may not have achieved what you wanted or may feel disappointed, but written complaints last a long time — forever, more or less. People take written complaints and criticism very seriously. So never draft and send such a message in the heat of the moment. Step-by-step planning helps you remove yourself from the emotional context and attendant risks. For example, you might say, ‘Hi Jack, how’s it going? We noticed there’s a long delay till our calls for service get handled. What’s up?’ This is a good, neutral way to start the interaction. If making a call or having a conversation doesn’t seem to help, plan a letter. Suppose a supplier has disappointed you with the quality of goods or services delivered. Perhaps computer maintenance work has been poorly performed. Articulating your goal is critical. Writing from anger is a self-indulgent approach that frequently boomerangs. You may not know an important part of the story, so proceed very cautiously before burning bridges. In any case, the world is small, and a person you attack may have friends you could encounter in the future. Your goal may better be stated as one or more of the following: Resolve a dispute Solve a problem Gain a concession Get a refund Get an apology or acknowledgment Putting your reader on the defensive is never to your advantage. Stick to the facts, not how you feel. Adopt a tone that conveys an assumption that the problem can be fixed. As the saying says, no point biting off your nose to spite your face. Is the disappointing supplier the only one who has what you need? Will finding a new source threaten your production deadlines or up the costs? Review the ramifications to help you feel more objective. Resolve to give the other party a chance to perform. For example, you can complain about a computer maintenance issue: Dear Bob, During the first quarter of this year, we made l6 calls to your office and in l2 cases, response took two to three days. As you know, the network’s critical to all our operations and such delays are expensive for us. Please look into this and get back to me at your earliest convenience. I’d like to know why the problem is happening and what steps you can take to deliver the service we need. Thank you for your immediate attention. I hope these issues can be quickly resolved. Best, Elaine The tone and language are low-key and neutral, and Bob will notice that Elaine sees the problem as fixable. But he’ll have no trouble recognizing that the contract is at risk. Q) Select the best sentence from among the given choices.

In any situation, first thoroughly review the pros and cons of putting a complaint in writing at all.

In any situation first thoroughly review the pros and cons of putting a complaint in writing at all.

In any situation, first, thoroughly reviewing the pros and cons of putting a complaint in writing at all.

In any situation first thoroughly reviewing the pros and cons of putting a complaint in writing at all.

In both your personal and professional lives, you may occasionally find cause to write complaints. When that happens, you get much better results if you do it well. A written complaint offers a great demonstration of how to use the planning process. You may not have achieved what you wanted or may feel disappointed, but written complaints last a long time — forever, more or less. People take written complaints and criticism very seriously. So never draft and send such a message in the heat of the moment. Step-by-step planning helps you remove yourself from the emotional context and attendant risks. For example, you might say, ‘Hi Jack, how’s it going? We noticed there’s a long delay till our calls for service get handled. What’s up?’ This is a good, neutral way to start the interaction. If making a call or having a conversation doesn’t seem to help, plan a letter. Suppose a supplier has disappointed you with the quality of goods or services delivered. Perhaps computer maintenance work has been poorly performed. Articulating your goal is critical. Writing from anger is a self-indulgent approach that frequently boomerangs. You may not know an important part of the story, so proceed very cautiously before burning bridges. In any case, the world is small, and a person you attack may have friends you could encounter in the future. Your goal may better be stated as one or more of the following: Resolve a dispute Solve a problem Gain a concession Get a refund Get an apology or acknowledgment Putting your reader on the defensive is never to your advantage. Stick to the facts, not how you feel. Adopt a tone that conveys an assumption that the problem can be fixed. As the saying says, no point biting off your nose to spite your face. Is the disappointing supplier the only one who has what you need? Will finding a new source threaten your production deadlines or up the costs? Review the ramifications to help you feel more objective. Resolve to give the other party a chance to perform. For example, you can complain about a computer maintenance issue: Dear Bob, During the first quarter of this year, we made l6 calls to your office and in l2 cases, response took two to three days. As you know, the network’s critical to all our operations and such delays are expensive for us. Please look into this and get back to me at your earliest convenience. I’d like to know why the problem is happening and what steps you can take to deliver the service we need. Thank you for your immediate attention. I hope these issues can be quickly resolved. Best, Elaine The tone and language are low-key and neutral, and Bob will notice that Elaine sees the problem as fixable. But he’ll have no trouble recognizing that the contract is at risk. Q) Select the best sentence from among the given choices.

Bringing up the problem in a telephone or in-person conversation may be a smart way to deal with the complaint, depending on the situation and whether you can keep your cool.

Bring up the problem in a telephone or in person conversation may be a smart way to deal with the complaint, depending on the situation and weather you can keep your cool.

Bringing up the problem in a telephone or in-person conversation may be a smart way to deal with the complaint, depending on the situation and weather you can keep your cool.

Bring up the problem in a telephone or in person conversation may be a smart way to deal with the complaint, depending on the situation and whether you can keep your cool.

In both your personal and professional lives, you may occasionally find cause to write complaints. When that happens, you get much better results if you do it well. A written complaint offers a great demonstration of how to use the planning process. You may not have achieved what you wanted or may feel disappointed, but written complaints last a long time — forever, more or less. People take written complaints and criticism very seriously. So never draft and send such a message in the heat of the moment. Step-by-step planning helps you remove yourself from the emotional context and attendant risks. For example, you might say, ‘Hi Jack, how’s it going? We noticed there’s a long delay till our calls for service get handled. What’s up?’ This is a good, neutral way to start the interaction. If making a call or having a conversation doesn’t seem to help, plan a letter. Suppose a supplier has disappointed you with the quality of goods or services delivered. Perhaps computer maintenance work has been poorly performed. Articulating your goal is critical. Writing from anger is a self-indulgent approach that frequently boomerangs. You may not know an important part of the story, so proceed very cautiously before burning bridges. In any case, the world is small, and a person you attack may have friends you could encounter in the future. Your goal may better be stated as one or more of the following: Resolve a dispute Solve a problem Gain a concession Get a refund Get an apology or acknowledgment Putting your reader on the defensive is never to your advantage. Stick to the facts, not how you feel. Adopt a tone that conveys an assumption that the problem can be fixed. As the saying says, no point biting off your nose to spite your face. Is the disappointing supplier the only one who has what you need? Will finding a new source threaten your production deadlines or up the costs? Review the ramifications to help you feel more objective. Resolve to give the other party a chance to perform. For example, you can complain about a computer maintenance issue: Dear Bob, During the first quarter of this year, we made l6 calls to your office and in l2 cases, response took two to three days. As you know, the network’s critical to all our operations and such delays are expensive for us. Please look into this and get back to me at your earliest convenience. I’d like to know why the problem is happening and what steps you can take to deliver the service we need. Thank you for your immediate attention. I hope these issues can be quickly resolved. Best, Elaine The tone and language are low-key and neutral, and Bob will notice that Elaine sees the problem as fixable. But he’ll have no trouble recognizing that the contract is at risk. Q) Select the best sentence from among the given choices.

Your goal in a complaint letter is never — no matter how you feel — to let off steam.

Your goal in a complaint letter is never no matter how you feel to let off steam.

Your goal in a complaint letter is never — no matter how you feeling — to let off steam.

Your goal in a complaint letter is not never — no matter how you feel — to let off steam.

In both your personal and professional lives, you may occasionally find cause to write complaints. When that happens, you get much better results if you do it well. A written complaint offers a great demonstration of how to use the planning process. You may not have achieved what you wanted or may feel disappointed, but written complaints last a long time — forever, more or less. People take written complaints and criticism very seriously. So never draft and send such a message in the heat of the moment. Step-by-step planning helps you remove yourself from the emotional context and attendant risks. For example, you might say, ‘Hi Jack, how’s it going? We noticed there’s a long delay till our calls for service get handled. What’s up?’ This is a good, neutral way to start the interaction. If making a call or having a conversation doesn’t seem to help, plan a letter. Suppose a supplier has disappointed you with the quality of goods or services delivered. Perhaps computer maintenance work has been poorly performed. Articulating your goal is critical. Writing from anger is a self-indulgent approach that frequently boomerangs. You may not know an important part of the story, so proceed very cautiously before burning bridges. In any case, the world is small, and a person you attack may have friends you could encounter in the future. Your goal may better be stated as one or more of the following: Resolve a dispute Solve a problem Gain a concession Get a refund Get an apology or acknowledgment Putting your reader on the defensive is never to your advantage. Stick to the facts, not how you feel. Adopt a tone that conveys an assumption that the problem can be fixed. As the saying says, no point biting off your nose to spite your face. Is the disappointing supplier the only one who has what you need? Will finding a new source threaten your production deadlines or up the costs? Review the ramifications to help you feel more objective. Resolve to give the other party a chance to perform. For example, you can complain about a computer maintenance issue: Dear Bob, During the first quarter of this year, we made l6 calls to your office and in l2 cases, response took two to three days. As you know, the network’s critical to all our operations and such delays are expensive for us. Please look into this and get back to me at your earliest convenience. I’d like to know why the problem is happening and what steps you can take to deliver the service we need. Thank you for your immediate attention. I hope these issues can be quickly resolved. Best, Elaine The tone and language are low-key and neutral, and Bob will notice that Elaine sees the problem as fixable. But he’ll have no trouble recognizing that the contract is at risk. Q) Select the best sentence from among the given choices.

Controlling your tone also helps you achieve your purpose.

Control your tone also helps you achieve your purpose.

Control your tone also helps you achieving your purpose.

Controlling your tone also helps you achieve your propose.

In both your personal and professional lives, you may occasionally find cause to write complaints. When that happens, you get much better results if you do it well. A written complaint offers a great demonstration of how to use the planning process. You may not have achieved what you wanted or may feel disappointed, but written complaints last a long time — forever, more or less. People take written complaints and criticism very seriously. So never draft and send such a message in the heat of the moment. Step-by-step planning helps you remove yourself from the emotional context and attendant risks. For example, you might say, ‘Hi Jack, how’s it going? We noticed there’s a long delay till our calls for service get handled. What’s up?’ This is a good, neutral way to start the interaction. If making a call or having a conversation doesn’t seem to help, plan a letter. Suppose a supplier has disappointed you with the quality of goods or services delivered. Perhaps computer maintenance work has been poorly performed. Articulating your goal is critical. Writing from anger is a self-indulgent approach that frequently boomerangs. You may not know an important part of the story, so proceed very cautiously before burning bridges. In any case, the world is small, and a person you attack may have friends you could encounter in the future. Your goal may better be stated as one or more of the following: Resolve a dispute Solve a problem Gain a concession Get a refund Get an apology or acknowledgment Putting your reader on the defensive is never to your advantage. Stick to the facts, not how you feel. Adopt a tone that conveys an assumption that the problem can be fixed. As the saying says, no point biting off your nose to spite your face. Is the disappointing supplier the only one who has what you need? Will finding a new source threaten your production deadlines or up the costs? Review the ramifications to help you feel more objective. Resolve to give the other party a chance to perform. For example, you can complain about a computer maintenance issue: Dear Bob, During the first quarter of this year, we made l6 calls to your office and in l2 cases, response took two to three days. As you know, the network’s critical to all our operations and such delays are expensive for us. Please look into this and get back to me at your earliest convenience. I’d like to know why the problem is happening and what steps you can take to deliver the service we need. Thank you for your immediate attention. I hope these issues can be quickly resolved. Best, Elaine The tone and language are low-key and neutral, and Bob will notice that Elaine sees the problem as fixable. But he’ll have no trouble recognizing that the contract is at risk. Q) Select the best sentence from among the given choices.

I looked into several complaints from three of my departments last week, and the records show that service on our network has been slow.

I had looked into several complaints from three of my departments last week, and the records show that service on our network has been slow.

I will look into several complaints from three of my departments last week, and the records show that service on our network has been slow.

I will be looking into several complaints from three of my departments last week, and the records show that service on our network has been slow.

In both your personal and professional lives, you may occasionally find cause to write complaints. When that happens, you get much better results if you do it well. A written complaint offers a great demonstration of how to use the planning process. You may not have achieved what you wanted or may feel disappointed, but written complaints last a long time — forever, more or less. People take written complaints and criticism very seriously. So never draft and send such a message in the heat of the moment. Step-by-step planning helps you remove yourself from the emotional context and attendant risks. For example, you might say, ‘Hi Jack, how’s it going? We noticed there’s a long delay till our calls for service get handled. What’s up?’ This is a good, neutral way to start the interaction. If making a call or having a conversation doesn’t seem to help, plan a letter. Suppose a supplier has disappointed you with the quality of goods or services delivered. Perhaps computer maintenance work has been poorly performed. Articulating your goal is critical. Writing from anger is a self-indulgent approach that frequently boomerangs. You may not know an important part of the story, so proceed very cautiously before burning bridges. In any case, the world is small, and a person you attack may have friends you could encounter in the future. Your goal may better be stated as one or more of the following: Resolve a dispute Solve a problem Gain a concession Get a refund Get an apology or acknowledgment Putting your reader on the defensive is never to your advantage. Stick to the facts, not how you feel. Adopt a tone that conveys an assumption that the problem can be fixed. As the saying says, no point biting off your nose to spite your face. Is the disappointing supplier the only one who has what you need? Will finding a new source threaten your production deadlines or up the costs? Review the ramifications to help you feel more objective. Resolve to give the other party a chance to perform. For example, you can complain about a computer maintenance issue: Dear Bob, During the first quarter of this year, we made l6 calls to your office and in l2 cases, response took two to three days. As you know, the network’s critical to all our operations and such delays are expensive for us. Please look into this and get back to me at your earliest convenience. I’d like to know why the problem is happening and what steps you can take to deliver the service we need. Thank you for your immediate attention. I hope these issues can be quickly resolved. Best, Elaine The tone and language are low-key and neutral, and Bob will notice that Elaine sees the problem as fixable. But he’ll have no trouble recognizing that the contract is at risk. Q) Select the best sentence from among the given choices.

Of course, this is not the service level we signed on for or experienced in the prior year.

Of coarse, this is not the service level we signed on for or experienced in the prior year.

Of course this is not the service level we signed on for or experienced in the prior year.

Of coarse this is not the service level we signed on for or experienced in the prior year.

In both your personal and professional lives, you may occasionally find cause to write complaints. When that happens, you get much better results if you do it well. A written complaint offers a great demonstration of how to use the planning process. You may not have achieved what you wanted or may feel disappointed, but written complaints last a long time — forever, more or less. People take written complaints and criticism very seriously. So never draft and send such a message in the heat of the moment. Step-by-step planning helps you remove yourself from the emotional context and attendant risks. For example, you might say, ‘Hi Jack, how’s it going? We noticed there’s a long delay till our calls for service get handled. What’s up?’ This is a good, neutral way to start the interaction. If making a call or having a conversation doesn’t seem to help, plan a letter. Suppose a supplier has disappointed you with the quality of goods or services delivered. Perhaps computer maintenance work has been poorly performed. Articulating your goal is critical. Writing from anger is a self-indulgent approach that frequently boomerangs. You may not know an important part of the story, so proceed very cautiously before burning bridges. In any case, the world is small, and a person you attack may have friends you could encounter in the future. Your goal may better be stated as one or more of the following: Resolve a dispute Solve a problem Gain a concession Get a refund Get an apology or acknowledgment Putting your reader on the defensive is never to your advantage. Stick to the facts, not how you feel. Adopt a tone that conveys an assumption that the problem can be fixed. As the saying says, no point biting off your nose to spite your face. Is the disappointing supplier the only one who has what you need? Will finding a new source threaten your production deadlines or up the costs? Review the ramifications to help you feel more objective. Resolve to give the other party a chance to perform. For example, you can complain about a computer maintenance issue: Dear Bob, During the first quarter of this year, we made l6 calls to your office and in l2 cases, response took two to three days. As you know, the network’s critical to all our operations and such delays are expensive for us. Please look into this and get back to me at your earliest convenience. I’d like to know why the problem is happening and what steps you can take to deliver the service we need. Thank you for your immediate attention. I hope these issues can be quickly resolved. Best, Elaine The tone and language are low-key and neutral, and Bob will notice that Elaine sees the problem as fixable. But he’ll have no trouble recognizing that the contract is at risk. Q) Select the best sentence from among the given choices.

Note how using specific facts supports the goal and provides the best shot at remedying the situation.

Note how using specific facts support the goal and provide the best shot at remedying the situation.

Note how using specific facts supports the goal and provides the best shoot at remedying the situation.

Noting how using specific facts supports the goal and provides the best shot at remedying the situation.

An amazing transformation is currently underway in manufacturing, across nearly all types of products — a transformation that promises to remake the future into a sustainable and personally customized environment. In this fast-approaching future, everything we need — from products to food, and even our bodies themselves — can be replaced or reconstructed rapidly and with very minimal waste. This is not the slow change of progress from one generation of iPhone to the next but instead a true revolution, mirroring the changes that introduced the world to the Industrial Age and then brought light and electricity to our homes and businesses. This will not be a “bloodless coup” by any means; any truly fundamental change that spans all aspects of the global economy will, by its nature, be disruptive. But traditional inefficient ways of producing the next year’s model will surely give way to entirely new opportunities impossible to imagine before. The technology behind this transformation is referred to as additive manufacturing, 3D printing, or direct digital manufacturing. By whatever name, in the coming decade this technology will be used to construct everything from houses to jet engines, airplanes, food, and even replacement tissues and organs made from your own cells! Every day new applications of 3D printing are being discovered and developed all over the world. And even in space: NASA is testing designs that will function in zero gravity, on the airless moon, and even to support human exploration of other planets like Mars. Hold on tight, because in the chapters ahead we cover a lot of incredibly new and fantastic technologies — and before the end, we show you how you can get involved in this amazing transformation yourself by building and using a 3D printer at home. So, what is “additive manufacturing,” you might ask? Additive manufacturing is a little like the “replicators” in the Star Trek universe, which allow the captain to order “Tea, Earl Grey, hot” and have a cup filled with liquid appear fully formed and ready for consumption. We are not quite to that level, but today’s 3D printers perform additive manufacturing by taking a 3D model of an object stored in a computer, translating it into a series of very thin layers, and then building the object one layer at a time, stacking up material until the object is ready for use. 3D printers are much like the familiar desktop printer you already use at work or in your home to create copies of documents transmitted electronically or created on your computer, except that a 3D printer creates a solid three-dimensional object out of a variety of materials, not just a simple paper document. Since the time of Johannes Gutenberg, creating multiple printed documents has brought literacy to the world. Today, when you click the Print button in a word processor application, you merge the functions of writers, stenographers, editors (spellcheck), layout, illumination (coloring and adding in images), and press reproduction all into a single task, and with the click of a few more buttons, you can post the document you create onto the Internet and allow it to be shared, downloaded, and printed out by others all over the world. 3D printing does the exact same thing for objects: Designs and virtual 3D models for physical objects can be shared, downloaded, and then printed out into physical form. It’s hard to imagine what Johannes Gutenberg would have made of that. Q) According to the initial paragraph of the passage, what two advantages will additive manufacturing have over traditional manufacturing methods?

It is sustainable and personally customizable.

Although it produces more waste, it will be cheaper and faster than traditional methods.

Although it is slower, it is cheaper and produces less waste than traditional methods.

It will be cheaper and personally customizable.

An amazing transformation is currently underway in manufacturing, across nearly all types of products — a transformation that promises to remake the future into a sustainable and personally customized environment. In this fast-approaching future, everything we need — from products to food, and even our bodies themselves — can be replaced or reconstructed rapidly and with very minimal waste. This is not the slow change of progress from one generation of iPhone to the next but instead a true revolution, mirroring the changes that introduced the world to the Industrial Age and then brought light and electricity to our homes and businesses. This will not be a “bloodless coup” by any means; any truly fundamental change that spans all aspects of the global economy will, by its nature, be disruptive. But traditional inefficient ways of producing the next year’s model will surely give way to entirely new opportunities impossible to imagine before. The technology behind this transformation is referred to as additive manufacturing, 3D printing, or direct digital manufacturing. By whatever name, in the coming decade this technology will be used to construct everything from houses to jet engines, airplanes, food, and even replacement tissues and organs made from your own cells! Every day new applications of 3D printing are being discovered and developed all over the world. And even in space: NASA is testing designs that will function in zero gravity, on the airless moon, and even to support human exploration of other planets like Mars. Hold on tight, because in the chapters ahead we cover a lot of incredibly new and fantastic technologies — and before the end, we show you how you can get involved in this amazing transformation yourself by building and using a 3D printer at home. So, what is “additive manufacturing,” you might ask? Additive manufacturing is a little like the “replicators” in the Star Trek universe, which allow the captain to order “Tea, Earl Grey, hot” and have a cup filled with liquid appear fully formed and ready for consumption. We are not quite to that level, but today’s 3D printers perform additive manufacturing by taking a 3D model of an object stored in a computer, translating it into a series of very thin layers, and then building the object one layer at a time, stacking up material until the object is ready for use. 3D printers are much like the familiar desktop printer you already use at work or in your home to create copies of documents transmitted electronically or created on your computer, except that a 3D printer creates a solid three-dimensional object out of a variety of materials, not just a simple paper document. Since the time of Johannes Gutenberg, creating multiple printed documents has brought literacy to the world. Today, when you click the Print button in a word processor application, you merge the functions of writers, stenographers, editors (spellcheck), layout, illumination (coloring and adding in images), and press reproduction all into a single task, and with the click of a few more buttons, you can post the document you create onto the Internet and allow it to be shared, downloaded, and printed out by others all over the world. 3D printing does the exact same thing for objects: Designs and virtual 3D models for physical objects can be shared, downloaded, and then printed out into physical form. It’s hard to imagine what Johannes Gutenberg would have made of that. Q) Why do the authors compare the advent of additive manufacturing to the changes that brought about the Industrial Age?

They want to show how much additive manufacturing will revolutionize our lives.

They want to show how similar the advent of additive manufacturing is to the progress from one generation of the iPhone to the next.

Additive manufacturing was invented during the Industrial Age.

Additive manufacturing was a prerequisite for the Industrial Age to occur.

An amazing transformation is currently underway in manufacturing, across nearly all types of products — a transformation that promises to remake the future into a sustainable and personally customized environment. In this fast-approaching future, everything we need — from products to food, and even our bodies themselves — can be replaced or reconstructed rapidly and with very minimal waste. This is not the slow change of progress from one generation of iPhone to the next but instead a true revolution, mirroring the changes that introduced the world to the Industrial Age and then brought light and electricity to our homes and businesses. This will not be a “bloodless coup” by any means; any truly fundamental change that spans all aspects of the global economy will, by its nature, be disruptive. But traditional inefficient ways of producing the next year’s model will surely give way to entirely new opportunities impossible to imagine before. The technology behind this transformation is referred to as additive manufacturing, 3D printing, or direct digital manufacturing. By whatever name, in the coming decade this technology will be used to construct everything from houses to jet engines, airplanes, food, and even replacement tissues and organs made from your own cells! Every day new applications of 3D printing are being discovered and developed all over the world. And even in space: NASA is testing designs that will function in zero gravity, on the airless moon, and even to support human exploration of other planets like Mars. Hold on tight, because in the chapters ahead we cover a lot of incredibly new and fantastic technologies — and before the end, we show you how you can get involved in this amazing transformation yourself by building and using a 3D printer at home. So, what is “additive manufacturing,” you might ask? Additive manufacturing is a little like the “replicators” in the Star Trek universe, which allow the captain to order “Tea, Earl Grey, hot” and have a cup filled with liquid appear fully formed and ready for consumption. We are not quite to that level, but today’s 3D printers perform additive manufacturing by taking a 3D model of an object stored in a computer, translating it into a series of very thin layers, and then building the object one layer at a time, stacking up material until the object is ready for use. 3D printers are much like the familiar desktop printer you already use at work or in your home to create copies of documents transmitted electronically or created on your computer, except that a 3D printer creates a solid three-dimensional object out of a variety of materials, not just a simple paper document. Since the time of Johannes Gutenberg, creating multiple printed documents has brought literacy to the world. Today, when you click the Print button in a word processor application, you merge the functions of writers, stenographers, editors (spellcheck), layout, illumination (coloring and adding in images), and press reproduction all into a single task, and with the click of a few more buttons, you can post the document you create onto the Internet and allow it to be shared, downloaded, and printed out by others all over the world. 3D printing does the exact same thing for objects: Designs and virtual 3D models for physical objects can be shared, downloaded, and then printed out into physical form. It’s hard to imagine what Johannes Gutenberg would have made of that. Q) Why do the authors warn that the revolution brought about by this new technology “will not be a ‘bloodless coup’”?

It will be disruptive as it brings swift changes to all aspects of the economy.

It will bring gradual changes to only some parts of the economy.

New technologies always cause injuries or deaths before all the kinks have been ironed out.

It will cause the government to fall, and some leaders may be executed.

An amazing transformation is currently underway in manufacturing, across nearly all types of products — a transformation that promises to remake the future into a sustainable and personally customized environment. In this fast-approaching future, everything we need — from products to food, and even our bodies themselves — can be replaced or reconstructed rapidly and with very minimal waste. This is not the slow change of progress from one generation of iPhone to the next but instead a true revolution, mirroring the changes that introduced the world to the Industrial Age and then brought light and electricity to our homes and businesses. This will not be a “bloodless coup” by any means; any truly fundamental change that spans all aspects of the global economy will, by its nature, be disruptive. But traditional inefficient ways of producing the next year’s model will surely give way to entirely new opportunities impossible to imagine before. The technology behind this transformation is referred to as additive manufacturing, 3D printing, or direct digital manufacturing. By whatever name, in the coming decade this technology will be used to construct everything from houses to jet engines, airplanes, food, and even replacement tissues and organs made from your own cells! Every day new applications of 3D printing are being discovered and developed all over the world. And even in space: NASA is testing designs that will function in zero gravity, on the airless moon, and even to support human exploration of other planets like Mars. Hold on tight, because in the chapters ahead we cover a lot of incredibly new and fantastic technologies — and before the end, we show you how you can get involved in this amazing transformation yourself by building and using a 3D printer at home. So, what is “additive manufacturing,” you might ask? Additive manufacturing is a little like the “replicators” in the Star Trek universe, which allow the captain to order “Tea, Earl Grey, hot” and have a cup filled with liquid appear fully formed and ready for consumption. We are not quite to that level, but today’s 3D printers perform additive manufacturing by taking a 3D model of an object stored in a computer, translating it into a series of very thin layers, and then building the object one layer at a time, stacking up material until the object is ready for use. 3D printers are much like the familiar desktop printer you already use at work or in your home to create copies of documents transmitted electronically or created on your computer, except that a 3D printer creates a solid three-dimensional object out of a variety of materials, not just a simple paper document. Since the time of Johannes Gutenberg, creating multiple printed documents has brought literacy to the world. Today, when you click the Print button in a word processor application, you merge the functions of writers, stenographers, editors (spellcheck), layout, illumination (coloring and adding in images), and press reproduction all into a single task, and with the click of a few more buttons, you can post the document you create onto the Internet and allow it to be shared, downloaded, and printed out by others all over the world. 3D printing does the exact same thing for objects: Designs and virtual 3D models for physical objects can be shared, downloaded, and then printed out into physical form. It’s hard to imagine what Johannes Gutenberg would have made of that. Q) According to the passage, 3D printers are

so easy to use and make, you can build one yourself.

too technical and expensive for the average person to own.

not actually real but may become so in the future.

An amazing transformation is currently underway in manufacturing, across nearly all types of products — a transformation that promises to remake the future into a sustainable and personally customized environment. In this fast-approaching future, everything we need — from products to food, and even our bodies themselves — can be replaced or reconstructed rapidly and with very minimal waste. This is not the slow change of progress from one generation of iPhone to the next but instead a true revolution, mirroring the changes that introduced the world to the Industrial Age and then brought light and electricity to our homes and businesses. This will not be a “bloodless coup” by any means; any truly fundamental change that spans all aspects of the global economy will, by its nature, be disruptive. But traditional inefficient ways of producing the next year’s model will surely give way to entirely new opportunities impossible to imagine before. The technology behind this transformation is referred to as additive manufacturing, 3D printing, or direct digital manufacturing. By whatever name, in the coming decade this technology will be used to construct everything from houses to jet engines, airplanes, food, and even replacement tissues and organs made from your own cells! Every day new applications of 3D printing are being discovered and developed all over the world. And even in space: NASA is testing designs that will function in zero gravity, on the airless moon, and even to support human exploration of other planets like Mars. Hold on tight, because in the chapters ahead we cover a lot of incredibly new and fantastic technologies — and before the end, we show you how you can get involved in this amazing transformation yourself by building and using a 3D printer at home. So, what is “additive manufacturing,” you might ask? Additive manufacturing is a little like the “replicators” in the Star Trek universe, which allow the captain to order “Tea, Earl Grey, hot” and have a cup filled with liquid appear fully formed and ready for consumption. We are not quite to that level, but today’s 3D printers perform additive manufacturing by taking a 3D model of an object stored in a computer, translating it into a series of very thin layers, and then building the object one layer at a time, stacking up material until the object is ready for use. 3D printers are much like the familiar desktop printer you already use at work or in your home to create copies of documents transmitted electronically or created on your computer, except that a 3D printer creates a solid three-dimensional object out of a variety of materials, not just a simple paper document. Since the time of Johannes Gutenberg, creating multiple printed documents has brought literacy to the world. Today, when you click the Print button in a word processor application, you merge the functions of writers, stenographers, editors (spellcheck), layout, illumination (coloring and adding in images), and press reproduction all into a single task, and with the click of a few more buttons, you can post the document you create onto the Internet and allow it to be shared, downloaded, and printed out by others all over the world. 3D printing does the exact same thing for objects: Designs and virtual 3D models for physical objects can be shared, downloaded, and then printed out into physical form. It’s hard to imagine what Johannes Gutenberg would have made of that. Q) Why do the authors compare 3D printers to the “replicators” in Star Trek?

to provide a clear example of a similar device that the reader may be familiar with

because 3D printers can be used to manufacture replicators

to show the differences between the devices

because everyone loves Star Trek

An amazing transformation is currently underway in manufacturing, across nearly all types of products — a transformation that promises to remake the future into a sustainable and personally customized environment. In this fast-approaching future, everything we need — from products to food, and even our bodies themselves — can be replaced or reconstructed rapidly and with very minimal waste. This is not the slow change of progress from one generation of iPhone to the next but instead a true revolution, mirroring the changes that introduced the world to the Industrial Age and then brought light and electricity to our homes and businesses. This will not be a “bloodless coup” by any means; any truly fundamental change that spans all aspects of the global economy will, by its nature, be disruptive. But traditional inefficient ways of producing the next year’s model will surely give way to entirely new opportunities impossible to imagine before. The technology behind this transformation is referred to as additive manufacturing, 3D printing, or direct digital manufacturing. By whatever name, in the coming decade this technology will be used to construct everything from houses to jet engines, airplanes, food, and even replacement tissues and organs made from your own cells! Every day new applications of 3D printing are being discovered and developed all over the world. And even in space: NASA is testing designs that will function in zero gravity, on the airless moon, and even to support human exploration of other planets like Mars. Hold on tight, because in the chapters ahead we cover a lot of incredibly new and fantastic technologies — and before the end, we show you how you can get involved in this amazing transformation yourself by building and using a 3D printer at home. So, what is “additive manufacturing,” you might ask? Additive manufacturing is a little like the “replicators” in the Star Trek universe, which allow the captain to order “Tea, Earl Grey, hot” and have a cup filled with liquid appear fully formed and ready for consumption. We are not quite to that level, but today’s 3D printers perform additive manufacturing by taking a 3D model of an object stored in a computer, translating it into a series of very thin layers, and then building the object one layer at a time, stacking up material until the object is ready for use. 3D printers are much like the familiar desktop printer you already use at work or in your home to create copies of documents transmitted electronically or created on your computer, except that a 3D printer creates a solid three-dimensional object out of a variety of materials, not just a simple paper document. Since the time of Johannes Gutenberg, creating multiple printed documents has brought literacy to the world. Today, when you click the Print button in a word processor application, you merge the functions of writers, stenographers, editors (spellcheck), layout, illumination (coloring and adding in images), and press reproduction all into a single task, and with the click of a few more buttons, you can post the document you create onto the Internet and allow it to be shared, downloaded, and printed out by others all over the world. 3D printing does the exact same thing for objects: Designs and virtual 3D models for physical objects can be shared, downloaded, and then printed out into physical form. It’s hard to imagine what Johannes Gutenberg would have made of that. Q) Who was Johannes Gutenberg?

the inventor of the printing press

the inventor of the first 3D printer

the author of best-selling books on literacy

An amazing transformation is currently underway in manufacturing, across nearly all types of products — a transformation that promises to remake the future into a sustainable and personally customized environment. In this fast-approaching future, everything we need — from products to food, and even our bodies themselves — can be replaced or reconstructed rapidly and with very minimal waste. This is not the slow change of progress from one generation of iPhone to the next but instead a true revolution, mirroring the changes that introduced the world to the Industrial Age and then brought light and electricity to our homes and businesses. This will not be a “bloodless coup” by any means; any truly fundamental change that spans all aspects of the global economy will, by its nature, be disruptive. But traditional inefficient ways of producing the next year’s model will surely give way to entirely new opportunities impossible to imagine before. The technology behind this transformation is referred to as additive manufacturing, 3D printing, or direct digital manufacturing. By whatever name, in the coming decade this technology will be used to construct everything from houses to jet engines, airplanes, food, and even replacement tissues and organs made from your own cells! Every day new applications of 3D printing are being discovered and developed all over the world. And even in space: NASA is testing designs that will function in zero gravity, on the airless moon, and even to support human exploration of other planets like Mars. Hold on tight, because in the chapters ahead we cover a lot of incredibly new and fantastic technologies — and before the end, we show you how you can get involved in this amazing transformation yourself by building and using a 3D printer at home. So, what is “additive manufacturing,” you might ask? Additive manufacturing is a little like the “replicators” in the Star Trek universe, which allow the captain to order “Tea, Earl Grey, hot” and have a cup filled with liquid appear fully formed and ready for consumption. We are not quite to that level, but today’s 3D printers perform additive manufacturing by taking a 3D model of an object stored in a computer, translating it into a series of very thin layers, and then building the object one layer at a time, stacking up material until the object is ready for use. 3D printers are much like the familiar desktop printer you already use at work or in your home to create copies of documents transmitted electronically or created on your computer, except that a 3D printer creates a solid three-dimensional object out of a variety of materials, not just a simple paper document. Since the time of Johannes Gutenberg, creating multiple printed documents has brought literacy to the world. Today, when you click the Print button in a word processor application, you merge the functions of writers, stenographers, editors (spellcheck), layout, illumination (coloring and adding in images), and press reproduction all into a single task, and with the click of a few more buttons, you can post the document you create onto the Internet and allow it to be shared, downloaded, and printed out by others all over the world. 3D printing does the exact same thing for objects: Designs and virtual 3D models for physical objects can be shared, downloaded, and then printed out into physical form. It’s hard to imagine what Johannes Gutenberg would have made of that. Q) Who was Johannes Gutenberg?

the inventor of the printing press

the inventor of the first 3D printer

the author of best-selling books on literacy

An amazing transformation is currently underway in manufacturing, across nearly all types of products — a transformation that promises to remake the future into a sustainable and personally customized environment. In this fast-approaching future, everything we need — from products to food, and even our bodies themselves — can be replaced or reconstructed rapidly and with very minimal waste. This is not the slow change of progress from one generation of iPhone to the next but instead a true revolution, mirroring the changes that introduced the world to the Industrial Age and then brought light and electricity to our homes and businesses. This will not be a “bloodless coup” by any means; any truly fundamental change that spans all aspects of the global economy will, by its nature, be disruptive. But traditional inefficient ways of producing the next year’s model will surely give way to entirely new opportunities impossible to imagine before. The technology behind this transformation is referred to as additive manufacturing, 3D printing, or direct digital manufacturing. By whatever name, in the coming decade this technology will be used to construct everything from houses to jet engines, airplanes, food, and even replacement tissues and organs made from your own cells! Every day new applications of 3D printing are being discovered and developed all over the world. And even in space: NASA is testing designs that will function in zero gravity, on the airless moon, and even to support human exploration of other planets like Mars. Hold on tight, because in the chapters ahead we cover a lot of incredibly new and fantastic technologies — and before the end, we show you how you can get involved in this amazing transformation yourself by building and using a 3D printer at home. So, what is “additive manufacturing,” you might ask? Additive manufacturing is a little like the “replicators” in the Star Trek universe, which allow the captain to order “Tea, Earl Grey, hot” and have a cup filled with liquid appear fully formed and ready for consumption. We are not quite to that level, but today’s 3D printers perform additive manufacturing by taking a 3D model of an object stored in a computer, translating it into a series of very thin layers, and then building the object one layer at a time, stacking up material until the object is ready for use. 3D printers are much like the familiar desktop printer you already use at work or in your home to create copies of documents transmitted electronically or created on your computer, except that a 3D printer creates a solid three-dimensional object out of a variety of materials, not just a simple paper document. Since the time of Johannes Gutenberg, creating multiple printed documents has brought literacy to the world. Today, when you click the Print button in a word processor application, you merge the functions of writers, stenographers, editors (spellcheck), layout, illumination (coloring and adding in images), and press reproduction all into a single task, and with the click of a few more buttons, you can post the document you create onto the Internet and allow it to be shared, downloaded, and printed out by others all over the world. 3D printing does the exact same thing for objects: Designs and virtual 3D models for physical objects can be shared, downloaded, and then printed out into physical form. It’s hard to imagine what Johannes Gutenberg would have made of that. Q) According to the passage, which of the following is a true statement?

A 3D printer stores an object in a computer, translating it into a series of very thin slices, and then builds the object one layer at a time.

A 3D printer stores an object in a cupboard, translating it into a series of very thick slices, and then builds the object two layers a time.

A 3D printer stores an object in a computer, translating it into a series of very thick slices, and then builds the object several layers at a time.

A 3D printer stores an object in a computer, translating it into a series of very thin slices, and then builds the object five layers at a time.

An amazing transformation is currently underway in manufacturing, across nearly all types of products — a transformation that promises to remake the future into a sustainable and personally customized environment. In this fast-approaching future, everything we need — from products to food, and even our bodies themselves — can be replaced or reconstructed rapidly and with very minimal waste. This is not the slow change of progress from one generation of iPhone to the next but instead a true revolution, mirroring the changes that introduced the world to the Industrial Age and then brought light and electricity to our homes and businesses. This will not be a “bloodless coup” by any means; any truly fundamental change that spans all aspects of the global economy will, by its nature, be disruptive. But traditional inefficient ways of producing the next year’s model will surely give way to entirely new opportunities impossible to imagine before. The technology behind this transformation is referred to as additive manufacturing, 3D printing, or direct digital manufacturing. By whatever name, in the coming decade this technology will be used to construct everything from houses to jet engines, airplanes, food, and even replacement tissues and organs made from your own cells! Every day new applications of 3D printing are being discovered and developed all over the world. And even in space: NASA is testing designs that will function in zero gravity, on the airless moon, and even to support human exploration of other planets like Mars. Hold on tight, because in the chapters ahead we cover a lot of incredibly new and fantastic technologies — and before the end, we show you how you can get involved in this amazing transformation yourself by building and using a 3D printer at home. So, what is “additive manufacturing,” you might ask? Additive manufacturing is a little like the “replicators” in the Star Trek universe, which allow the captain to order “Tea, Earl Grey, hot” and have a cup filled with liquid appear fully formed and ready for consumption. We are not quite to that level, but today’s 3D printers perform additive manufacturing by taking a 3D model of an object stored in a computer, translating it into a series of very thin layers, and then building the object one layer at a time, stacking up material until the object is ready for use. 3D printers are much like the familiar desktop printer you already use at work or in your home to create copies of documents transmitted electronically or created on your computer, except that a 3D printer creates a solid three-dimensional object out of a variety of materials, not just a simple paper document. Since the time of Johannes Gutenberg, creating multiple printed documents has brought literacy to the world. Today, when you click the Print button in a word processor application, you merge the functions of writers, stenographers, editors (spellcheck), layout, illumination (coloring and adding in images), and press reproduction all into a single task, and with the click of a few more buttons, you can post the document you create onto the Internet and allow it to be shared, downloaded, and printed out by others all over the world. 3D printing does the exact same thing for objects: Designs and virtual 3D models for physical objects can be shared, downloaded, and then printed out into physical form. It’s hard to imagine what Johannes Gutenberg would have made of that. Q) Why do the authors end the excerpt with the sentence “It’s hard to imagine what Johannes Gutenberg would have made of that”?

to show how amazed Gutenberg would be to see how far printing has progressed since his time

to show that Gutenberg was a secretive person whose thoughts were difficult to read

to show that Gutenberg would have expected additive manufacturing to have happened sooner rather than later

to show that Gutenberg would not have approved of 3D printing

Correct the following sentence: Rahul went to school despite of having a fever.

Rahul went to school despite having a fever.

Rahul goes to school despite of having a fever.

Rahul went to school although having a fever.

Rahul went to school however having a fever.

Which is the correct option?

Several countries participated in the airlift : Italy, Belgium, France, and Luxembourg.

Several countries participated in the airlift Italy, Belgium, France, and Luxembourg.

Several countries: participated in the airlift Italy, Belgium, France, and Luxembourg.

Choose the correct option.

"There's no room for error," said the engineer, "so we have to double check every calculation."

There's no room for error, said the engineer so we have to double check every calculation.

"There's no room for error" said the engineer "so we have to double check every calculation."

There's no room for error said the engineer so, we have to double check every calculation.

Select the correct option.

In last week's New Yorker, one of my favorite magazines, I enjoyed reading Leland's article " How Not to Go Camping. "

In last week's new yorker, one of my favorite magazines, I enjoyed reading Leland's article how not to go camping.

In last week's New Yorker, one of my favorite magazines, I enjoyed reading Leland's article How Not to Go Camping.

In last week's New Yorker, one of my favorite magazines, I enjoyed reading Leland's article " How Not To Go Camping. "

Mock 6 Literature

Authored by Samirah Iqbal

English

12th Grade

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MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

2 mins • 1 pt

Nanotechnology has been around as a recognized branch of science for only about fifty years, so it’s a baby compared to physics or biology, whose roots go back more than a thousand years. Because of the young age of nanotechnology and our still-evolving understanding of it, defining it is an ongoing process, as you find in this chapter. Finally, the promise nanotechnology holds for the human race ranges from extending our lives by centuries to providing cheap energy and cleaning our air and water. In this chapter, you explore the broad reach that nanotechnology has across several scientific disciplines and many industries. To help you understand exactly what nanotechnology is, we start by providing a definition — or two. Then we explore how nano-sized particles compare with atoms. Nanotechnology is still evolving, and there doesn’t seem to be one definition that everybody agrees on. We know that nano deals with matter on a very small scale: larger than atoms but smaller than a breadcrumb. We know that matter at the nano scale can behave differently than bulk matter. Beyond that, individuals and groups focus on different aspects of nanotechnology as a discipline. Here are a few definitions of nanotechnology for your consideration. The following definition is probably the most barebones and generally agreed upon: Nanotechnology isthe studyanduseofstructures between lnanometer (nm) and lOO nanometers in size. To put these measurements in perspective, you would have to stack 1 billion nanometer-sized particles on top of each other to reach the height of a 1-meter- high (about 3-feet 3-inches-high) hall table. Another popular comparison is that you can fit about 80,000 nanometers in the width of a single human hair. The word nano is a scientific prefix that stands for 10–9 or 1 billionth; the word itself comes from the Greek word nanos, meaning dwarf. The next definition is from the Foresight Institute and adds a mention of the various fields of science that come into play with nanotechnology: Structures, devices, and systems having novel properties and functions due to the arrangement of their atoms on the lto lOO nanometer scale. Many fields of endeavor contribute to nanotechnology, including molecular physics, materials science, chemistry, biology, computer science, electrical engineering, and mechanical engineering. The European Commission offers the following definition, which both repeats the fact mentioned in the previous definition that materials at the nanoscale have novel properties, and positions nano vis-à-vis its potential in the economic marketplace: Nanotechnology is the study of phenomena and fine-tuning of materials at atomic, molecular and macromolecular scales, where properties differ significantly from those at a larger scale. Products based on nanotechnology are already in use and analysts expect markets to grow by hundreds of billions of euros during this decade. This next definition from the National Nanotechnology Initiative adds the fact that nanotechnology involves certain activities, such as measuring and manipulating nanoscale matter: Nanotechnology is the understanding and control of matter at dimensionsbetweenapproximatelylandlOOnanometers,where unique phenomena enable novel applications. Encompassing nanoscale science, engineering, and technology, nanotechnology involves imaging, measuring, modeling, and manipulating matter at this length scale. The last definition is from Thomas Theis, director of physical sciences at the IBM Watson Research Center. It offers a broader and interesting perspective of the role and value of nanotechnology in our world: [Nanotechnology is] an upcoming economic, business, and social phenomenon. Nano-advocates argue it will revolutionize the way we live, work, and communicate.
Q) According to the passage, how does nanotechnology differ compared to other sciences like biology or physics?

Nanotechnology is much older than the other sciences.

Nanotechnology is much younger than the other sciences.

Nanotechnology deals with much larger particles than the other sciences.

Nanotechnology is not a real science.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

2 mins • 1 pt

Nanotechnology has been around as a recognized branch of science for only about fifty years, so it’s a baby compared to physics or biology, whose roots go back more than a thousand years. Because of the young age of nanotechnology and our still-evolving understanding of it, defining it is an ongoing process, as you find in this chapter. Finally, the promise nanotechnology holds for the human race ranges from extending our lives by centuries to providing cheap energy and cleaning our air and water. In this chapter, you explore the broad reach that nanotechnology has across several scientific disciplines and many industries. To help you understand exactly what nanotechnology is, we start by providing a definition — or two. Then we explore how nano-sized particles compare with atoms. Nanotechnology is still evolving, and there doesn’t seem to be one definition that everybody agrees on. We know that nano deals with matter on a very small scale: larger than atoms but smaller than a breadcrumb. We know that matter at the nano scale can behave differently than bulk matter. Beyond that, individuals and groups focus on different aspects of nanotechnology as a discipline. Here are a few definitions of nanotechnology for your consideration. The following definition is probably the most barebones and generally agreed upon: Nanotechnology isthe studyanduseofstructures between lnanometer (nm) and lOO nanometers in size. To put these measurements in perspective, you would have to stack 1 billion nanometer-sized particles on top of each other to reach the height of a 1-meter- high (about 3-feet 3-inches-high) hall table. Another popular comparison is that you can fit about 80,000 nanometers in the width of a single human hair. The word nano is a scientific prefix that stands for 10–9 or 1 billionth; the word itself comes from the Greek word nanos, meaning dwarf. The next definition is from the Foresight Institute and adds a mention of the various fields of science that come into play with nanotechnology: Structures, devices, and systems having novel properties and functions due to the arrangement of their atoms on the lto lOO nanometer scale. Many fields of endeavor contribute to nanotechnology, including molecular physics, materials science, chemistry, biology, computer science, electrical engineering, and mechanical engineering. The European Commission offers the following definition, which both repeats the fact mentioned in the previous definition that materials at the nanoscale have novel properties, and positions nano vis-à-vis its potential in the economic marketplace: Nanotechnology is the study of phenomena and fine-tuning of materials at atomic, molecular and macromolecular scales, where properties differ significantly from those at a larger scale. Products based on nanotechnology are already in use and analysts expect markets to grow by hundreds of billions of euros during this decade. This next definition from the National Nanotechnology Initiative adds the fact that nanotechnology involves certain activities, such as measuring and manipulating nanoscale matter: Nanotechnology is the understanding and control of matter at dimensionsbetweenapproximatelylandlOOnanometers,where unique phenomena enable novel applications. Encompassing nanoscale science, engineering, and technology, nanotechnology involves imaging, measuring, modeling, and manipulating matter at this length scale. The last definition is from Thomas Theis, director of physical sciences at the IBM Watson Research Center. It offers a broader and interesting perspective of the role and value of nanotechnology in our world: [Nanotechnology is] an upcoming economic, business, and social phenomenon. Nano-advocates argue it will revolutionize the way we live, work, and communicate.
Q) According to the passage, there is no single agreed upon definition of nanotechnology because

nobody really knows what nanotechnology is.

nanotechnology is indefinable.

nanotechnology is too complex to have a precise definition.

nanotechnology is still evolving, so its definition keeps changing.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

2 mins • 1 pt

Nanotechnology has been around as a recognized branch of science for only about fifty years, so it’s a baby compared to physics or biology, whose roots go back more than a thousand years. Because of the young age of nanotechnology and our still-evolving understanding of it, defining it is an ongoing process, as you find in this chapter. Finally, the promise nanotechnology holds for the human race ranges from extending our lives by centuries to providing cheap energy and cleaning our air and water. In this chapter, you explore the broad reach that nanotechnology has across several scientific disciplines and many industries. To help you understand exactly what nanotechnology is, we start by providing a definition — or two. Then we explore how nano-sized particles compare with atoms. Nanotechnology is still evolving, and there doesn’t seem to be one definition that everybody agrees on. We know that nano deals with matter on a very small scale: larger than atoms but smaller than a breadcrumb. We know that matter at the nano scale can behave differently than bulk matter. Beyond that, individuals and groups focus on different aspects of nanotechnology as a discipline. Here are a few definitions of nanotechnology for your consideration. The following definition is probably the most barebones and generally agreed upon: Nanotechnology isthe studyanduseofstructures between lnanometer (nm) and lOO nanometers in size. To put these measurements in perspective, you would have to stack 1 billion nanometer-sized particles on top of each other to reach the height of a 1-meter- high (about 3-feet 3-inches-high) hall table. Another popular comparison is that you can fit about 80,000 nanometers in the width of a single human hair. The word nano is a scientific prefix that stands for 10–9 or 1 billionth; the word itself comes from the Greek word nanos, meaning dwarf. The next definition is from the Foresight Institute and adds a mention of the various fields of science that come into play with nanotechnology: Structures, devices, and systems having novel properties and functions due to the arrangement of their atoms on the lto lOO nanometer scale. Many fields of endeavor contribute to nanotechnology, including molecular physics, materials science, chemistry, biology, computer science, electrical engineering, and mechanical engineering. The European Commission offers the following definition, which both repeats the fact mentioned in the previous definition that materials at the nanoscale have novel properties, and positions nano vis-à-vis its potential in the economic marketplace: Nanotechnology is the study of phenomena and fine-tuning of materials at atomic, molecular and macromolecular scales, where properties differ significantly from those at a larger scale. Products based on nanotechnology are already in use and analysts expect markets to grow by hundreds of billions of euros during this decade. This next definition from the National Nanotechnology Initiative adds the fact that nanotechnology involves certain activities, such as measuring and manipulating nanoscale matter: Nanotechnology is the understanding and control of matter at dimensionsbetweenapproximatelylandlOOnanometers,where unique phenomena enable novel applications. Encompassing nanoscale science, engineering, and technology, nanotechnology involves imaging, measuring, modeling, and manipulating matter at this length scale. The last definition is from Thomas Theis, director of physical sciences at the IBM Watson Research Center. It offers a broader and interesting perspective of the role and value of nanotechnology in our world: [Nanotechnology is] an upcoming economic, business, and social phenomenon. Nano-advocates argue it will revolutionize the way we live, work, and communicate.
Q) According to the passage, the word nano means all of the following EXCEPT

dwarf

1 billionth

10⁹

larger than atoms but smaller than a breadcrumb

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

2 mins • 1 pt

Nanotechnology has been around as a recognized branch of science for only about fifty years, so it’s a baby compared to physics or biology, whose roots go back more than a thousand years. Because of the young age of nanotechnology and our still-evolving understanding of it, defining it is an ongoing process, as you find in this chapter. Finally, the promise nanotechnology holds for the human race ranges from extending our lives by centuries to providing cheap energy and cleaning our air and water. In this chapter, you explore the broad reach that nanotechnology has across several scientific disciplines and many industries. To help you understand exactly what nanotechnology is, we start by providing a definition — or two. Then we explore how nano-sized particles compare with atoms. Nanotechnology is still evolving, and there doesn’t seem to be one definition that everybody agrees on. We know that nano deals with matter on a very small scale: larger than atoms but smaller than a breadcrumb. We know that matter at the nano scale can behave differently than bulk matter. Beyond that, individuals and groups focus on different aspects of nanotechnology as a discipline. Here are a few definitions of nanotechnology for your consideration. The following definition is probably the most barebones and generally agreed upon: Nanotechnology isthe studyanduseofstructures between lnanometer (nm) and lOO nanometers in size. To put these measurements in perspective, you would have to stack 1 billion nanometer-sized particles on top of each other to reach the height of a 1-meter- high (about 3-feet 3-inches-high) hall table. Another popular comparison is that you can fit about 80,000 nanometers in the width of a single human hair. The word nano is a scientific prefix that stands for 10–9 or 1 billionth; the word itself comes from the Greek word nanos, meaning dwarf. The next definition is from the Foresight Institute and adds a mention of the various fields of science that come into play with nanotechnology: Structures, devices, and systems having novel properties and functions due to the arrangement of their atoms on the lto lOO nanometer scale. Many fields of endeavor contribute to nanotechnology, including molecular physics, materials science, chemistry, biology, computer science, electrical engineering, and mechanical engineering. The European Commission offers the following definition, which both repeats the fact mentioned in the previous definition that materials at the nanoscale have novel properties, and positions nano vis-à-vis its potential in the economic marketplace: Nanotechnology is the study of phenomena and fine-tuning of materials at atomic, molecular and macromolecular scales, where properties differ significantly from those at a larger scale. Products based on nanotechnology are already in use and analysts expect markets to grow by hundreds of billions of euros during this decade. This next definition from the National Nanotechnology Initiative adds the fact that nanotechnology involves certain activities, such as measuring and manipulating nanoscale matter: Nanotechnology is the understanding and control of matter at dimensionsbetweenapproximatelylandlOOnanometers,where unique phenomena enable novel applications. Encompassing nanoscale science, engineering, and technology, nanotechnology involves imaging, measuring, modeling, and manipulating matter at this length scale. The last definition is from Thomas Theis, director of physical sciences at the IBM Watson Research Center. It offers a broader and interesting perspective of the role and value of nanotechnology in our world: [Nanotechnology is] an upcoming economic, business, and social phenomenon. Nano-advocates argue it will revolutionize the way we live, work, and communicate.
Q) According to the passage, about how wide is a human hair?

1 nanometer

100 nanometers

10–9 nanometers

80,000 nanometers

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

2 mins • 1 pt

Nanotechnology has been around as a recognized branch of science for only about fifty years, so it’s a baby compared to physics or biology, whose roots go back more than a thousand years. Because of the young age of nanotechnology and our still-evolving understanding of it, defining it is an ongoing process, as you find in this chapter. Finally, the promise nanotechnology holds for the human race ranges from extending our lives by centuries to providing cheap energy and cleaning our air and water. In this chapter, you explore the broad reach that nanotechnology has across several scientific disciplines and many industries. To help you understand exactly what nanotechnology is, we start by providing a definition — or two. Then we explore how nano-sized particles compare with atoms. Nanotechnology is still evolving, and there doesn’t seem to be one definition that everybody agrees on. We know that nano deals with matter on a very small scale: larger than atoms but smaller than a breadcrumb. We know that matter at the nano scale can behave differently than bulk matter. Beyond that, individuals and groups focus on different aspects of nanotechnology as a discipline. Here are a few definitions of nanotechnology for your consideration. The following definition is probably the most barebones and generally agreed upon: Nanotechnology isthe studyanduseofstructures between lnanometer (nm) and lOO nanometers in size. To put these measurements in perspective, you would have to stack 1 billion nanometer-sized particles on top of each other to reach the height of a 1-meter- high (about 3-feet 3-inches-high) hall table. Another popular comparison is that you can fit about 80,000 nanometers in the width of a single human hair. The word nano is a scientific prefix that stands for 10–9 or 1 billionth; the word itself comes from the Greek word nanos, meaning dwarf. The next definition is from the Foresight Institute and adds a mention of the various fields of science that come into play with nanotechnology: Structures, devices, and systems having novel properties and functions due to the arrangement of their atoms on the lto lOO nanometer scale. Many fields of endeavor contribute to nanotechnology, including molecular physics, materials science, chemistry, biology, computer science, electrical engineering, and mechanical engineering. The European Commission offers the following definition, which both repeats the fact mentioned in the previous definition that materials at the nanoscale have novel properties, and positions nano vis-à-vis its potential in the economic marketplace: Nanotechnology is the study of phenomena and fine-tuning of materials at atomic, molecular and macromolecular scales, where properties differ significantly from those at a larger scale. Products based on nanotechnology are already in use and analysts expect markets to grow by hundreds of billions of euros during this decade. This next definition from the National Nanotechnology Initiative adds the fact that nanotechnology involves certain activities, such as measuring and manipulating nanoscale matter: Nanotechnology is the understanding and control of matter at dimensionsbetweenapproximatelylandlOOnanometers,where unique phenomena enable novel applications. Encompassing nanoscale science, engineering, and technology, nanotechnology involves imaging, measuring, modeling, and manipulating matter at this length scale. The last definition is from Thomas Theis, director of physical sciences at the IBM Watson Research Center. It offers a broader and interesting perspective of the role and value of nanotechnology in our world: [Nanotechnology is] an upcoming economic, business, and social phenomenon. Nano-advocates argue it will revolutionize the way we live, work, and communicate.
Q) According to the passage, nanotechnology will help to extend our lifespans by doing all of the following EXCEPT

providing cheap energy.

cleaning our air.

cleaning our water.

providing jobs.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

2 mins • 1 pt

Nanotechnology has been around as a recognized branch of science for only about fifty years, so it’s a baby compared to physics or biology, whose roots go back more than a thousand years. Because of the young age of nanotechnology and our still-evolving understanding of it, defining it is an ongoing process, as you find in this chapter. Finally, the promise nanotechnology holds for the human race ranges from extending our lives by centuries to providing cheap energy and cleaning our air and water. In this chapter, you explore the broad reach that nanotechnology has across several scientific disciplines and many industries. To help you understand exactly what nanotechnology is, we start by providing a definition — or two. Then we explore how nano-sized particles compare with atoms. Nanotechnology is still evolving, and there doesn’t seem to be one definition that everybody agrees on. We know that nano deals with matter on a very small scale: larger than atoms but smaller than a breadcrumb. We know that matter at the nano scale can behave differently than bulk matter. Beyond that, individuals and groups focus on different aspects of nanotechnology as a discipline. Here are a few definitions of nanotechnology for your consideration. The following definition is probably the most barebones and generally agreed upon: Nanotechnology isthe studyanduseofstructures between lnanometer (nm) and lOO nanometers in size. To put these measurements in perspective, you would have to stack 1 billion nanometer-sized particles on top of each other to reach the height of a 1-meter- high (about 3-feet 3-inches-high) hall table. Another popular comparison is that you can fit about 80,000 nanometers in the width of a single human hair. The word nano is a scientific prefix that stands for 10–9 or 1 billionth; the word itself comes from the Greek word nanos, meaning dwarf. The next definition is from the Foresight Institute and adds a mention of the various fields of science that come into play with nanotechnology: Structures, devices, and systems having novel properties and functions due to the arrangement of their atoms on the lto lOO nanometer scale. Many fields of endeavor contribute to nanotechnology, including molecular physics, materials science, chemistry, biology, computer science, electrical engineering, and mechanical engineering. The European Commission offers the following definition, which both repeats the fact mentioned in the previous definition that materials at the nanoscale have novel properties, and positions nano vis-à-vis its potential in the economic marketplace: Nanotechnology is the study of phenomena and fine-tuning of materials at atomic, molecular and macromolecular scales, where properties differ significantly from those at a larger scale. Products based on nanotechnology are already in use and analysts expect markets to grow by hundreds of billions of euros during this decade. This next definition from the National Nanotechnology Initiative adds the fact that nanotechnology involves certain activities, such as measuring and manipulating nanoscale matter: Nanotechnology is the understanding and control of matter at dimensionsbetweenapproximatelylandlOOnanometers,where unique phenomena enable novel applications. Encompassing nanoscale science, engineering, and technology, nanotechnology involves imaging, measuring, modeling, and manipulating matter at this length scale. The last definition is from Thomas Theis, director of physical sciences at the IBM Watson Research Center. It offers a broader and interesting perspective of the role and value of nanotechnology in our world: [Nanotechnology is] an upcoming economic, business, and social phenomenon. Nano-advocates argue it will revolutionize the way we live, work, and communicate.
Q) According to the passage, how much will the market for nanotechnology products grow during the current decade?

thousands of euros

millions of euros

billions of euros

trillions of euros

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

2 mins • 1 pt

Nanotechnology has been around as a recognized branch of science for only about fifty years, so it’s a baby compared to physics or biology, whose roots go back more than a thousand years. Because of the young age of nanotechnology and our still-evolving understanding of it, defining it is an ongoing process, as you find in this chapter. Finally, the promise nanotechnology holds for the human race ranges from extending our lives by centuries to providing cheap energy and cleaning our air and water. In this chapter, you explore the broad reach that nanotechnology has across several scientific disciplines and many industries. To help you understand exactly what nanotechnology is, we start by providing a definition — or two. Then we explore how nano-sized particles compare with atoms. Nanotechnology is still evolving, and there doesn’t seem to be one definition that everybody agrees on. We know that nano deals with matter on a very small scale: larger than atoms but smaller than a breadcrumb. We know that matter at the nano scale can behave differently than bulk matter. Beyond that, individuals and groups focus on different aspects of nanotechnology as a discipline. Here are a few definitions of nanotechnology for your consideration. The following definition is probably the most barebones and generally agreed upon: Nanotechnology isthe studyanduseofstructures between lnanometer (nm) and lOO nanometers in size. To put these measurements in perspective, you would have to stack 1 billion nanometer-sized particles on top of each other to reach the height of a 1-meter- high (about 3-feet 3-inches-high) hall table. Another popular comparison is that you can fit about 80,000 nanometers in the width of a single human hair. The word nano is a scientific prefix that stands for 10–9 or 1 billionth; the word itself comes from the Greek word nanos, meaning dwarf. The next definition is from the Foresight Institute and adds a mention of the various fields of science that come into play with nanotechnology: Structures, devices, and systems having novel properties and functions due to the arrangement of their atoms on the lto lOO nanometer scale. Many fields of endeavor contribute to nanotechnology, including molecular physics, materials science, chemistry, biology, computer science, electrical engineering, and mechanical engineering. The European Commission offers the following definition, which both repeats the fact mentioned in the previous definition that materials at the nanoscale have novel properties, and positions nano vis-à-vis its potential in the economic marketplace: Nanotechnology is the study of phenomena and fine-tuning of materials at atomic, molecular and macromolecular scales, where properties differ significantly from those at a larger scale. Products based on nanotechnology are already in use and analysts expect markets to grow by hundreds of billions of euros during this decade. This next definition from the National Nanotechnology Initiative adds the fact that nanotechnology involves certain activities, such as measuring and manipulating nanoscale matter: Nanotechnology is the understanding and control of matter at dimensionsbetweenapproximatelylandlOOnanometers,where unique phenomena enable novel applications. Encompassing nanoscale science, engineering, and technology, nanotechnology involves imaging, measuring, modeling, and manipulating matter at this length scale. The last definition is from Thomas Theis, director of physical sciences at the IBM Watson Research Center. It offers a broader and interesting perspective of the role and value of nanotechnology in our world: [Nanotechnology is] an upcoming economic, business, and social phenomenon. Nano-advocates argue it will revolutionize the way we live, work, and communicate.
Q) According to the passage, what appears to be the upper size limit for structures, devices, and systems to be considered nanotechnology?

1 nanometer

100 nanometers

10–9 nanometers

80,000 nanometers

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

2 mins • 1 pt

Nanotechnology has been around as a recognized branch of science for only about fifty years, so it’s a baby compared to physics or biology, whose roots go back more than a thousand years. Because of the young age of nanotechnology and our still-evolving understanding of it, defining it is an ongoing process, as you find in this chapter. Finally, the promise nanotechnology holds for the human race ranges from extending our lives by centuries to providing cheap energy and cleaning our air and water. In this chapter, you explore the broad reach that nanotechnology has across several scientific disciplines and many industries. To help you understand exactly what nanotechnology is, we start by providing a definition — or two. Then we explore how nano-sized particles compare with atoms. Nanotechnology is still evolving, and there doesn’t seem to be one definition that everybody agrees on. We know that nano deals with matter on a very small scale: larger than atoms but smaller than a breadcrumb. We know that matter at the nano scale can behave differently than bulk matter. Beyond that, individuals and groups focus on different aspects of nanotechnology as a discipline. Here are a few definitions of nanotechnology for your consideration. The following definition is probably the most barebones and generally agreed upon: Nanotechnology isthe studyanduseofstructures between lnanometer (nm) and lOO nanometers in size. To put these measurements in perspective, you would have to stack 1 billion nanometer-sized particles on top of each other to reach the height of a 1-meter- high (about 3-feet 3-inches-high) hall table. Another popular comparison is that you can fit about 80,000 nanometers in the width of a single human hair. The word nano is a scientific prefix that stands for 10–9 or 1 billionth; the word itself comes from the Greek word nanos, meaning dwarf. The next definition is from the Foresight Institute and adds a mention of the various fields of science that come into play with nanotechnology: Structures, devices, and systems having novel properties and functions due to the arrangement of their atoms on the lto lOO nanometer scale. Many fields of endeavor contribute to nanotechnology, including molecular physics, materials science, chemistry, biology, computer science, electrical engineering, and mechanical engineering. The European Commission offers the following definition, which both repeats the fact mentioned in the previous definition that materials at the nanoscale have novel properties, and positions nano vis-à-vis its potential in the economic marketplace: Nanotechnology is the study of phenomena and fine-tuning of materials at atomic, molecular and macromolecular scales, where properties differ significantly from those at a larger scale. Products based on nanotechnology are already in use and analysts expect markets to grow by hundreds of billions of euros during this decade. This next definition from the National Nanotechnology Initiative adds the fact that nanotechnology involves certain activities, such as measuring and manipulating nanoscale matter: Nanotechnology is the understanding and control of matter at dimensionsbetweenapproximatelylandlOOnanometers,where unique phenomena enable novel applications. Encompassing nanoscale science, engineering, and technology, nanotechnology involves imaging, measuring, modeling, and manipulating matter at this length scale. The last definition is from Thomas Theis, director of physical sciences at the IBM Watson Research Center. It offers a broader and interesting perspective of the role and value of nanotechnology in our world: [Nanotechnology is] an upcoming economic, business, and social phenomenon. Nano-advocates argue it will revolutionize the way we live, work, and communicate.
Q) What makes Thomas Theis’s definition of nanotechnology different from the other definitions given in the passage?

It focuses on the size of the particles involved.

It focuses on the different sciences that are contributing to the

field.

It focuses on the potential economic growth of nanotechnology markets.

It focuses on the potential impact on the way we live.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

2 mins • 1 pt

Day trading is a crazy business. Traders work in front of their computer screens, reacting to blips, each of which represents real dollars. They make quick decisions because their ability to make money depends on successfully executing a large number of trades that generate small profits. They close out their positions in the stocks, options, and futures contracts they own at the end of the day, which limits some of the risks — nothing can happen overnight to disturb an existing profit position — but those limits on risk can limit profits. After all, a lot can happen in a year, increasing the likelihood that your trade idea will work out, but in a day? You have to be patient and work fast. Some days offer nothing good to buy. Other days, every trade seems to lose money. The individual human-being day trader is up against a tough opponent: high- frequency algorithms programmed and operated by brokerage firms and hedge funds that have no emotion and can make trades in less time than it takes to blink your eye. If you’re not prepared for that competition, you will be crushed. The definition of day trading is that day traders hold their securities for only one day. They close out their positions at the end of every day and then start all over again the next day. By contrast, swing traders hold securities for days and sometimes even months; investors sometimes hold for years. The short-term nature of day trading reduces some risks, because nothing can happen overnight to cause big losses. Meanwhile, many other types of investors go to bed thinking their position is in great shape only to wake up the next morning to find that the company has announced terrible earnings or that its CEO is being indicted on fraud charges. But there’s a flip side (there’s always a flip side, isn’t there?): The day trader’s choice of securities and positions has to work out in a day, or it’s gone. Tomorrow doesn’t exist for any specific position. Meanwhile, the swing trader or the investor has the luxury of time, because it sometimes takes a while for a position to work out the way your research shows it should. In the long run, markets are efficient, and prices reflect all information about a security. Unfortunately, a few days of short runs may need to occur for this efficiency to kick in. Day traders are speculators working in zero-sum markets one day at a time. A zero-sum game has exactly as many winners as losers. And options and futures markets, which are popular with day traders, are zero-sum markets. If the person who holds an option makes a profit, then the person who wrote (which is option-speak for sold) that option loses the same amount. There’s no net gain or net loss in the market as a whole. That makes the dynamics different from other types of financial activities you may have been involved in. When you take up day trading, the rules that may have helped you pick good stocks or find great mutual funds over the years no longer apply. Day trading is a different game with different rules. Professional traders fall into two categories: speculators and hedgers. Speculators look to make a profit from price changes. Hedgers look to protect against a price change. They make their buy and sell choices as insurance, not as a way to make a profit, so they choose positions that offset their exposure in another market.
Q) According to the passage, day traders make money by executing (A) their rivals.

a transaction and holding onto a stock for as long as it takes for its value to increase.

their rivals.

a small number of trades that generate huge profits.

a large number of trades that generate small profits.

10.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

2 mins • 1 pt

Day trading is a crazy business. Traders work in front of their computer screens, reacting to blips, each of which represents real dollars. They make quick decisions because their ability to make money depends on successfully executing a large number of trades that generate small profits. They close out their positions in the stocks, options, and futures contracts they own at the end of the day, which limits some of the risks — nothing can happen overnight to disturb an existing profit position — but those limits on risk can limit profits. After all, a lot can happen in a year, increasing the likelihood that your trade idea will work out, but in a day? You have to be patient and work fast. Some days offer nothing good to buy. Other days, every trade seems to lose money. The individual human-being day trader is up against a tough opponent: high- frequency algorithms programmed and operated by brokerage firms and hedge funds that have no emotion and can make trades in less time than it takes to blink your eye. If you’re not prepared for that competition, you will be crushed. The definition of day trading is that day traders hold their securities for only one day. They close out their positions at the end of every day and then start all over again the next day. By contrast, swing traders hold securities for days and sometimes even months; investors sometimes hold for years. The short-term nature of day trading reduces some risks, because nothing can happen overnight to cause big losses. Meanwhile, many other types of investors go to bed thinking their position is in great shape only to wake up the next morning to find that the company has announced terrible earnings or that its CEO is being indicted on fraud charges. But there’s a flip side (there’s always a flip side, isn’t there?): The day trader’s choice of securities and positions has to work out in a day, or it’s gone. Tomorrow doesn’t exist for any specific position. Meanwhile, the swing trader or the investor has the luxury of time, because it sometimes takes a while for a position to work out the way your research shows it should. In the long run, markets are efficient, and prices reflect all information about a security. Unfortunately, a few days of short runs may need to occur for this efficiency to kick in. Day traders are speculators working in zero-sum markets one day at a time. A zero-sum game has exactly as many winners as losers. And options and futures markets, which are popular with day traders, are zero-sum markets. If the person who holds an option makes a profit, then the person who wrote (which is option-speak for sold) that option loses the same amount. There’s no net gain or net loss in the market as a whole. That makes the dynamics different from other types of financial activities you may have been involved in. When you take up day trading, the rules that may have helped you pick good stocks or find great mutual funds over the years no longer apply. Day trading is a different game with different rules. Professional traders fall into two categories: speculators and hedgers. Speculators look to make a profit from price changes. Hedgers look to protect against a price change. They make their buy and sell choices as insurance, not as a way to make a profit, so they choose positions that offset their exposure in another market.
Q) According to the passage, how do day traders limit some of their risks?

by closing out their positions at the end of each day

by holding each stock for a year to increase the likelihood that the trade will be profitable

by investing only in stocks that are guaranteed to increase in value

by not trading at all

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