EOC Review

What was a major success of the national government under the Articles of Confederation (1781–1788)?

• developing a plan for the admission of new states

• establishing the first national export tax

• paying off all government debt

• gaining the respect of foreign nations

Which statement best illustrates the meaning of federalism?

• All citizens enjoy the basic rights of freedom of speech, press, religion, and assembly.

• The Constitution delegates certain powers to the national government but reserves other powers for the states

• The Constitution can be changed by amendments ratified by Congress.

• The House of Representatives has the power to impeach the president, and the Senate has the power to conduct an impeachment trial.

The authors of the United States Constitution established a bicameral legislature primarily because they

• wished states to retain their absolute sovereignty

• reached a compromise between the large states and the small states over representation

• hoped to weaken the power of Congress

• wanted to create an independent judiciary elected by the people

The Supreme Court decisions in McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) and Gibbons v. Ogden (1824) were important because they

• increased the power of the federal government

• expanded the powers of the president

• encouraged westward expansion

• placed limits on the spread of slavery

The establishment of judicial review in Marbury v. Madison (1803) gave the Supreme Court the authority to

• impeach members of Congress

• create state courts

• approve foreign treaties

• decide the constitutionality of a law

. . . The great rule of conduct for us in regard to foreign nations is, in extending our commercial relations, to have with them as little political connection as possible. So far as we have already formed engagements, let them be fulfilled with perfect good faith. Here let us stop. . . . — George Washington, Farewell Address, 1796

President George Washington made this statement in response to concerns over United States involvement in the

• effort to end the slave trade in West Africa

• struggle to open Asian ports to foreign trade

• independence movements of the new Latin American nations

• continuing conflict between England and France

Which pair of economic situations faced both President Franklin D. Roosevelt and President Barack Obama during the first 100 days of their administrations?

• legalization of the sale of alcoholic beverages and suspension of antitrust laws

• high unemployment and failures in the banking system

• funding overseas wars and bailing out the automobile industry

• modifying the gold standard and increasing federal aid to education

The programs of President Lyndon B. Johnson’s War on Poverty had goals which were most similar to the programs of

• Theodore Roosevelt’s Square Deal

• Woodrow Wilson’s New Freedom

• Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal

• Ronald Reagan’s New Federalism

One way in which the Truman Doctrine and the Eisenhower Doctrine are similar is that both

• offered aid to countries threatened by communism

• attempted to create a friendlier relationship with China

• tried to improve relations with the Soviet Union

• returned the United States to an isolationist foreign policy

Which statement reflects a major transportation trend of the post–World War II period?

• Transcontinental railroads were developed.

• The use of canals to move freight increased.

• The use of the automobile increased dramatically.

• Air travel decreased significantly