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The thermodynamic quantity that expresses the degree of disorder in a system is __________.

• entropy

• internal energy

• heat flow

• enthalpy

• bond energy

Which one of the following is always positive when a spontaneous process occurs?

• DH_univ

• DH_surr

• DS_surr

• DS_univ

• DS_sys

DS will be positive for the reaction __________.

• 
• 
• 
• 
• 

Which one of the following processes produces a decrease in the entropy of the system?

• dissolution of solid KCl in water

• mixing of two gases into one container

• freezing water to form ice

• melting ice to form water

• boiling water to form steam

Of the following, the entropy of gaseous __________ is the largest at 25^oC and 1 atm.

• C₂H₂

• H₂

• C₂H₆

• CH₄

• C₂H₂

The value of DS^o for the catalytic hydrogenation of acetylene to ethene is __________ J/K.

• -18.6

• +18.6

• +112.0

• +550.8

• -112.0

What can be said about a chemical system that has reached a minimum in free energy?

• The reaction is complete.

• The system entropy is zero.

• The system has achieved equilibrium.

• The temperature is OK.

• The reaction is very fast.

The value of DH^o for the oxidation of solid elemental sulfur to gaseous sulfur trioxide is __________ kJ/mol.

• +790.4

• -395.2

• +395.2

• +105.1

• -790.4

The value of DGe at 25eC for the formation of POCl3 from its constituent element is __________ kJ/mol.

• -606.2

• -1,005

• +606.2

• +1,109

• -1,109

The equilibrium position corresponds to which letter on the graph of G vs f (course of reaction) below?

• A

• B

• C

• D

• E