1st Amendment: Religious Freedom

This case was based on the Establishment Clause

• McDonald v. Chicago

• Engel v. Vitale

• Tinker v. Des Moines

• Wisconsin v. Yoder

Members of the Amish faith challenged a state law requiring all children be educated until the age of 16. Their use of the Free Exercise clause of the 1st amendment succeeded, allowing them to choose to leave school after the 8th grade.

• NY Times v. U.S. (1971)

• Wisconsin v. Yoder (1972)

• Baker v. Carr (1961)

• Engel v. Vitale (1962)

Teachers begin each day by leading students in prayer, and parents object. They claim the school is violating the establishment clause of the first amendment. The SCOTUS agrees, ruling that since attendance in school is compulsory, kids are being subjected to undue influence to promote religion.

• Shaw v. Reno (1993)

• Gideon v. Wainwright (1963)

• Engel v. Vitale (1963)

• McDonald v. Chicago (2010)

Voted against public prayer and Bible readings in school

• Board of Ed. v. Earls
• Engel v. Vitale
• Brown v. Board of Education
• Plessy v. Ferguson

The Supreme Court overturned the city ordinance in Church of LukumiBabalu Aye Inc. v. City of Hialeah and allowed animal sacrifice because

• there was no compelling state interest.

• there was no clear and present danger

• the city's ban violated an individual's right to due process.

• the city's ban violated an individual's guarantee of free exercise.

• the city's ban violated an individual's establishment protections

The First Amendment's prohibition from making any law “respecting an establishment of religion”

• forbids the government from establishing an official religion.

• prohibits government actions that unduly favor one religion over another.

• forbids the government from establishing an official religion, but also prohibits government actions that unduly favor one religion over another.

• forbids the government from taxing religious institutions in the United States of America.

What are the two separate religious liberties or freedoms mentioned in the First Amendment?

• Right to bear arms and petitions

• Freedom of speech and assembly

• Establishment of religion and free exercise

• Freedom of religion and press

What does the establishment of religion clause in the First Amendment mean?

• The US can prohibit any religious practice

• The US can create an official state church

• The US cannot endorse any religion

• The US can write laws based on religious edicts

What does the free exercise clause in the First Amendment mean?

• The US can prohibit any religious practice

• The US can create an official state church

• The US cannot endorse any religion

• The US cannot prohibit being part of a certain religion

The power of judicial review means that the Supreme Court can ...

• declare laws passed by Congress or actions of the president to be unconstitutional
• review the Constitution and make laws
• review the Constitution and veto laws
• impeach a president or member of Congress for doing something unconstitutional