#3

Name:

1. Which of these was a major philosophy expressed in the Declaration of Independence?

• support for states' rights and slavery
• a belief in the natural rights of citizens
• the need for a federal system of government
• a belief in the benefits of a laissez-faire economy

2. The phrase in the Declaration of Independence stating "that governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed" illustrates the principle of

• federalism
• judicial review
• equality before the law
• the Social Contract theory

3. The Articles of Confederation represented the Americans' distrust of

• the British
• states rights
• any governing authority
• a strong central government

4. "We hold these truth to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.--That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed." The Declaration of Independence This passage MOST accurately reflects the democratic ideals taken from

• the Enlightenment
• ancient Legalist doctrine
• the Protestant Reformation
• the observations of Machiavelli

5. Montesquieu is credited with devising the basic Constitutional principle of

• natural rights
• popular sovereignty
• separation and balance of governmental power
• government was created by man for his own purposes

6. The Magna Carta is most important for which reason?

• it created Parliament
• it was the "great charter"
• it put limits on the monarch's powers
• it created the first democracy in England

7. [I]t is plainly contrary to [against] the law of nature... that children should command old men, fools wise men, and that the privileged few should gorge themselves... while the starving multitude are in want of the bare necessities of life. Rousseau, Second Discourse on the Origins of Inequality, 1755 Rousseau's ideas of "natural law" led to his publication of The Social Contract in 1763. His writings reflect Enlightenment ideals because he desired

• greater rights for common people
• harmony between faith and reason
• a return to the primacy of the Catholic Church
• a rebirth of the classical ideals of Greece and Rome

8. Man being born with a title to perfect freedom, and enjoyment of all the rights and privileges of the law of nature, equally with any other man, hath by nature a power, not only to preserve his life, liberty and estate, against the injuries and attempts of other men; but to judge of, and punish the breaches of the law in others. John Locke, Two Treatises of Government, 1690 John Locke's writing reflects the ideals of the Enlightenment in that

• men are created with equal rights and responsibilities under the law of nature
• civil society is not possible when men work to protect their property
• their is no private property, and therefore no justice or injustice
• government must be rule by a democracy, rather than by a monarch

9. Man being born with a title to perfect freedom, and enjoyment of all the rights and privileges of the law of nature, equally with any other man, hath by nature a power, not only to preserve his life, liberty and estate, against the injuries and attempts of other men; but to judge of, and punish the breaches of the law in others. John Locke, Two Treatises of Government, 1690 John Locke's writing MOST LIKELY reflects the ideals of which movement?

• Enlightenment
• Imperialism
• Liberalism
• Romanticism