#4

Name:

1. All of these are part of the process of conducting scientifically valid polling EXCEPT

• creating a working hypothesis
• creating valid, non-leading questions
• reporting to the mass media the findings of the poll
• selecting a valid cross-section of the population to survey

2. Which statement BEST describes this map?

• it fails to show the hemispheres
• it does not show all of the continents
• it is drawn with a noticeable American bias
• it suffers severs distortion along the equator

3. "They (the Aztecs) have a most horrid and abominable custom which truly ought to be punished... and this is that, whenever they wish to ask something of the idols, in order that their plea may find more acceptance, they take many girls and boys and even adults, and in the presence of these idols they open their chests while they are still alive and take out their hearts and entrails and burn them before the idols... Some of us have seen this, and they say it is the most terrible and frightening thing they have ever witnessed." Hernan Cortes, Letter to Charles V, 1520 The accuracy of this account could be questioned because

• it was written long after the Aztecs has become extinct
• it was written by someone who had never seen the Aztecs
• Charles V was conspiring with the Portuguese to take over Aztec lands
• Cortes's bias against the people he is to conquer could influence this story

4. "Had the holding of slaves been a moral evil, it cannot be supposed, that the inspired Apostles... would have tolerated it, for a moment, in the Christian Church. If they had done so on a principle of accommodations, in cases where the masters remained heathen, to avoid offences and civil commotion; yet, surely, where both master and servant were Christian, as in the case before us, they would have enforced the law of Christ, and required, that the master should liberate his slave in the first instance." Reverend Richard Furman, 1823 This passage is written from the point of view of

• an abolitionist
• an industrialist
• a supporter of Lincoln
• a states rights supporter

5. Which of these statements is an accurate fact about this chart?

• Americans were getting tired of warfare
• U.S. defense spending declined after 1953
• The United States Congress jeopardized the country's security
• The United States spent too much money on defense during this period

6. When classifying a statement as fact or opinion, it is important to keep in mind that

• facts never change
• facts can be verified by evidence
• opinions are never based on facts
• opinions can be proven true or false

7. Which of these is an opinion?

• The Twenty-Second Amendment was ratified in 1951
• The Twenty-Second Amendment should be expanded to include members of Congress
• The Twenty-Second Amendment prohibits Presidents from serving more than two terms in office
• The Twenty-Second Amendment was ratified after Franklin Roosevelt became the only president to serve more than two terms in office

8. Each of these media might be a good source to find other people's opinions about a subject, EXCEPT

• blogs
• book reviews
• encyclopedias
• advertisements

9. Notes from the Constitutional Convention Recorded by James Madison Mr. President I confess that there are several parts of this constitution which I do not at present approve, but I am not sure I shall never approve them: For having lived long, I have experienced many instances of being obliged by better information, or fuller consideration, to change opinions even on important subjects, which I once thought right, but found to be otherwise. It is therefore that the older I grow, the more apt I am to doubt my own judgement, and to pay more respect to the judgement of others... Thus I consent, Sir, to this Constitution because I expect no better, and because I am not sure, that it is not the best... On the whole, Sir, I can not help expressing a wish that every member of he Convention who may still have objections to it, would with me, on this occasion doubt a little of his own infallibility, and to make manifest our unanimity, put his name to this instrument. Benjamin Franklin, 1787 In this excerpt, Franklin states that

• he approves of every provision of he Constitution and hopes that his fellow delegates will approve it
• he is certain his objections to some of the provisions of the Constitution will result in serious consequences for the new nation
• each delegate has formed an opinion of the Constitution and should vote accordingly, despite the opinions expressed by other delegates
• he does not approve of every provision of the Constitution but knows that his opinions could change; he urges fellow delegates to approve it