Traditional Benchmark 2 (part 2)

A student touches a car, chair, book, and dog. All the things remain stable, but the dog begins to wag its tail in response to the touch. The student claims that the dog is a living thing. Which statement uses the student’s observations to support the claim from this activity?

• The dog is made of cells.

• The dog is breathing.

• The dog is able to reproduce.

• The dog is reacting to stimuli

The model shows cell differentiation. What is the role of cell differentiation?

• Expression of identical genes in daughter cells results in faster cell replication.

• Expression of specific genes in daughter cells results in faster cell replication

• Expression of identical genes in daughter cells results in new cell types.

• Expression of specific genes in daughter cells results in new cell types.

Which tenet of the cell theory did Virchow propose?

• The cell is the basic unit of life

• All living organisms are made up of cells.

• New cells arise from the division of a preexisting cell

• Cells contain hereditary material that passes from one generation to another.

Which statement explains a relationship between genetic materials?

• Genes are specific segments of DNA found within regions of chromosomes.

• Chromosomes are specific segments of genes found within regions of DNA.

• Genes are large segments of DNA made of chromosomes.

• DNA is large segments of chromosomes made of genes.

The model compares a prokaryotic cell and a eukaryotic cell. How is genetic material in a prokaryotic cell stored compared to a eukaryotic cell?

• Prokaryotic genetic material is bound to the ribosomes, while eukaryotic genetic material is free floating in the cell.

• Prokaryotic genetic material is a single circular chromosome, while eukaryotic genetic material is condensed into many chromosomes.

• Prokaryotic genetic material is a group of linear chromosomes, while eukaryotic genetic material is a circular chromosome.

• Prokaryotic genetic material is enclosed in a double membrane structure, while eukaryotic genetic material is spread through the cell.

A student is given a codon chart and asked to evaluate two segments found in the same region of DNA from a normal tomato plant and one that has a mutation.

How has the mutation most likely impacted the plant?

• The protein produced from this segment of DNA would have a phenylalanine inserted, which would result in an identical protein that still performs the same function

• The protein produced from this segment of DNA would have a threonine instead of a serine at the location of the mutation, resulting in a different protein that still performs the same function.

• The protein produced from this segment of DNA would have a leucine instead of a serine, which would result in a different protein being produced by the plant.

• The protein produced from this segment of DNA would have a serine still in that spot, which would result in a plant that functions like the original.

The table lists the activity levels, represented as activity units per milliliter (U/mL), of the enzymes urease and glycine oxidase at different pH levels.

At which pH values are the activity levels of urease and glycine oxidase at their maximum?

• urease: 5; glycine oxidase: 10

• urease: 6; glycine oxidase: 8

• urease: 9; glycine oxidase: 6

• urease: 10; glycine oxidase: 8

A student makes a model of a DNA strand. Which DNA strand model shows a substitution mutation?

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The diagram shows how two similar plants (A and B) are grown in different conditions, and the table describes their growth over 14 days. A fabric cover is placed over Plant B.

Which argument explains how the conditions affected plant growth?

• Plant A was able to grow taller because it had more access to carbon dioxide

• Plant A was able to increase in mass because it had more access to sunlight.

• Plant B was able to grow at a steadier pace because it had more access to oxygen.

• Plant B was able to produce more fruit because it produced more sugar.

The image shows the karyotype of a person with Klinefelter syndrome. Based on the image, what causes Klinefelter syndrome?

• an additional sex chromosome

• a missing part of the Y chromosome

• missing the 24th chromosome pair

• missing a chromosome from the sex chromosome pair