Statistics Fall 23 Final

1. What is probability defined as? (4.1)

• 1. Proportion of times the outcomes in a set of trials

• 1. Equality between the population

• 1. How many there are of something

1. What is the ‘Law of Large Numbers’? (4.1)

• 1. The larger the number, the less probable

• 1. In more repetitions, the proportions get closer to the true probability

• 1. In more repetitions, the proportions get farther from the true probability

1. What is the interpretation statement? (4.1)

• 1. When… if…

• 1. If… When…

• 1. If… Then…

1. There is a probability of 0.9 that the PM bus arrives on time. In this context, what does probability of 0.9 mean? (4.1)

• 1. The bus does not make it on time 9 times out of 10

• 1. The bus is on time 9 times out of 10

• 1. The bus is on time

1. What does a simulation do? (4.1)

• 1. Estimates proportion

• 1. Estimates probability and chance

• No such thing

1. What is the “Complement” equation? (4.2)

• 1. P = P (A) - P (B)

• 1. P (Aᶜ ) = 1 - P (A)

• 1. P (A and B) = P (A) + P (B)

1. Which equation do you use when both events are mutually exclusive? (4.2)

• 1. P (B) = P (A * B)

• 1. P = P (A) * (B) - P (AB)

• 1. P (A or B) = P (A) + P (B)

• 1. P (A or B) = P (A) - P (B)

1. What does it mean to be mutually exclusive? (4.2)

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1. Person A flips a two sided quarter one time and lands heads. Person B flips the same coin one time and lands tails. How is this event either mutually exclusive or not mutually exclusive? (4.2)

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1. P (A) = 0.12 and P (B) = 0.32. Find P (A or B). Assume that the events are mutually exclusive. (4.2)

• 1. P (A or B) = 0.384

• 1. P (A or B) = 38.4%

• P (A or B) = 0.44

• 1. P (A or B) = 44%